Haratin

Hebrew: חרטין

The Black Moors of Mauritania and the western Sahara, Arabic-speaking Muslims descended from sub-Saharan Africans enslaved by the Arab-Berber Bidan. They are roughly 40% of Mauritania’s population, and the caste line survives the abolitions: Mauritania outlawed slavery in 1981, the last country on earth to do so, and criminalized it only in 2007.