Wikipedia bias: ㉓ Reviewed in the sweep

A documented pattern from the Wikipedia audit (checked 2026-06).

Kehat Shorr

Kehat Shorr was the shooting coach for Israel’s 1972 Olympic team, one of eleven Israeli athletes killed in the Munich massacre. Through 2010 the opening said he was among the members of Israel’s Olympic team who were taken hostage and subsequently murdered by Black September operatives. Today the opening says only that he was “killed in the Munich massacre,” with hostage appearing 0 times in the opening though it survives 5 times in the body. A reader today learns he was killed in a massacre and not that he was taken hostage and murdered by a named terrorist organization.

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Riyadh compound bombings

Two 2003 al-Qaeda bombings of housing compounds in Riyadh killed 39 people and wounded over 160, most of them Westerners, as part of a campaign against Westernization in Saudi Arabia. Through 2005 the opening quoted Saudi Crown Prince Abdullah, who condemned the attackers as “monsters” and vowed to destroy the terrorist group that ordered them. Today the opening carries neither the quote nor the word terror, though terror survives 23 times in the body. A reader today learns the bombings are “attributed to Islamic extremists” and not that a head of state branded the perpetrators a terrorist group and vowed to destroy it.

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Bilal Philips

Bilal Philips is a Canadian Islamic scholar who has been banned or deported from multiple countries. Through 2020 the opening said he was “arrested in the Philippines for ‘inciting and recruiting people to conduct terrorist activities.’” Today the opening says only that he was “deported from the Philippines,” with the reason dropped; terror appears 0 times in the opening now, though it survives 23 times in the body. A reader today learns he was deported from the Philippines and not that he was arrested there on a charge of inciting and recruiting people to conduct terrorist activities.

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David Myatt

David Myatt is a British far-right leader who later converted to Islam and became a militant. Through 2010 the opening said he “also became an advocate of Islamic martyrdom operations (Shaheed), expressed support for Osama bin Laden, the Taliban, referred to the Holocaust as a ‘hoax’, and supported the killing of ‘civilians’ or non-combatants.” Today the opening calls him only a “former Islamist militant,” with martyr appearing 0 times in the opening and surviving once in the body. A reader today learns he was a “former Islamist militant” and not that he advocated martyrdom operations, supported Osama bin Laden and the Taliban, or called the Holocaust a hoax.

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Daniel Machover

Daniel Machover is a British lawyer known for pursuing war crimes litigation against Israeli officials. Through 2010 the opening said the United Nations Goldstone Report “accused Israel of war crimes against the civilian population of Gaza, during its 2008-9 assault on the Gaza Strip,” and that Israeli Foreign Minister Tzipi Livni “would be personally guilty of war crimes” if the charge were upheld by a British court. Today the opening says only that he is “head of civil litigation for Hickman & Rose Solicitors” and co-founder of Lawyers for Palestinian Human Rights; war crime appears 0 times in the opening now and survives once in the body. A reader today learns his job title and the group he co-founded, and not that his notability rests on pursuing war crimes accusations against Israeli officials, including a sitting foreign minister.

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Hypercacher

Hypercacher is a Paris kosher supermarket where an Islamist terrorist murdered four Jewish hostages during the January 2015 Île-de-France attacks. Through 2015 the opening said “On 9 January 2015, Islamist terrorist Amedy Coulibaly held several hostages at gunpoint at the Porte de Vincennes branch,” and that “Four hostages were murdered by Coulibaly, who then was killed by police.” Today the opening carries only a photo caption reading “after the terrorist attack,” with the perpetrator’s name, the hostage-taking, and the four murders gone; hostage appears 0 times in the opening today and survives 5 times in the body. A reader today learns Hypercacher is a kosher supermarket chain with branches in Paris and Rome, and not that a named Islamist terrorist murdered four Jewish hostages there.

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Islamic extremism in the United States

This article covers Islamic extremism within the United States, tied to the September 11 attacks and subsequent domestic jihadist networks. Through 2020 the opening said “Islamists, however, believe Islam is the only basis for the legal and political system that governs the world’s economic, social, and judicial mechanisms,” set against liberal democracy and civil liberties. Today the opening still describes Islamic extremism and terror attacks generally, but that definitional statement is gone; islamist appears 0 times in the opening today though it survives 13 times in the body. A reader today learns Islamic extremism promotes violence to achieve political goals, and not what Islamists themselves say those goals are: that Islam alone should govern a society’s legal, political, economic and judicial system.

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Islamic State – Algeria Province

This Algerian Islamic State affiliate kidnapped and beheaded French citizen Hervé Gourdel in 2014. Through October 2023 the opening said the group “is classified as a terror group by the UK, as well as by the US” under the name Jund al-Khilafah, and that “Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan designated the group as terrorist.” Today the opening still calls it a “militant Islamist group,” but the multi-country terrorist designations are gone; terror appears 0 times in the opening today and survives 12 times in the body. A reader today learns the group is Islamic State’s Algerian branch, and not that the United Kingdom, the United States, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan all formally designated it a terrorist organization.

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Jamal Al-Gashey

Jamal Al-Gashey is a surviving member of the Black September cell that murdered eleven Israeli athletes at the 1972 Munich Olympics. As of October 6, 2023 the opening called him a “Palestinian terrorist… one of eight terrorists who carried out the massacre,” and described “five of the Black September terrorists” killed in the rescue attempt. Today the opening calls him a “Palestinian militant,” “one of eight militants,” and “five of the Black September militants”; terrorist appears 0 times in the opening today and survives once in the body. A reader today learns he was a “militant” who took part in a massacre, and not that Wikipedia itself called him and his Black September cell terrorists as recently as October 2023.

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Justice and Construction Party

This Libyan political party is associated with the Muslim Brotherhood, whose parent organization multiple governments have designated a terrorist group. Through 2015 the opening said the party is associated with the Muslim Brotherhood, “which is considered a terrorist organization by the governments of Bahrain” and others, and that “the party advocates Islamism.” Today the opening says only that the party is “associated with the Muslim Brotherhood,” with the terrorist designation and the party’s own stated Islamist ideology both gone; terror appears 0 times in the opening today and survives 6 times in the body. A reader today learns the party is associated with the Muslim Brotherhood, and not that multiple governments designate the Brotherhood a terrorist organization, or that the party itself advocates Islamism.

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Kidnapping in Nigeria

This article covers Nigeria’s kidnapping crisis, which includes hostage-taking of expatriate oil workers in the Niger Delta and mass abductions by the terrorist group Boko Haram in the northeast. Through 2020 the opening described how Niger Delta agitators “took expatriates working with multinational oil giants hostage” to pressure oil companies and the government, and separately named “the one by terror group, Boko Haram, in Nigeria’s northeast.” Today the opening says only that kidnapping “by bandits and insurgents is among the biggest organised or gang crime in Nigeria,” with the Niger Delta hostage-taking detail and Boko Haram’s name both gone; hostage appears 0 times in the opening today and survives 5 times in the body. A reader today learns kidnapping is committed by unnamed bandits and insurgents, and not that a designated terrorist organization, Boko Haram, is responsible for mass abductions in the northeast.

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List of Israeli price tag attacks

This is a list of attacks by radical Israeli settlers against Palestinians and Israeli security forces, known as price tag attacks. As of the October 6, 2023 snapshot the opening explained that these attacks have been in retribution for terrorist attacks where Jews have been killed, injured, maimed. Today the opening carries no such context, and that sentence is gone from the article entirely. A reader today learns that settlers carried out a campaign of retribution against Palestinians, and not what that retribution was for.

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Londonistan

Londonistan is the term for London’s role as a base for Islamist militancy in the late 1990s and early 2000s. The 2005 opening described how the activities of London based militants came under scrutiny after the 9/11 hijackings, and how British authorities arrested the Finsbury Park Mosque preacher Abu Hamza, described as leading many militants. Today’s opening is a bare definition of the word as a sobriquet, and militant appears only once in the article. A reader today learns that Londonistan is a portmanteau used in a few publications, and not that the term arose from exiled Islamist groups establishing political headquarters in the city.

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Mamasapano clash

The Mamasapano clash was a 2015 Philippine police operation against Islamist militants that killed 44 police commandos. The 2015 opening stated the clash is also known as the Mamasapano Massacre. Today’s opening, now dominated by an infobox of belligerents and commanders, carries neither name, though massacre appears 23 times elsewhere in the article. A reader today does not learn that the operation is also commonly called a massacre.

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Muslim American Society

The Muslim American Society is a Washington-based nonprofit that the United Arab Emirates designated a terrorist organization. The 2015 opening stated plainly: MAS was designated a terrorist organization by the United Arab Emirates in November 2014. Today’s opening says only that MAS describes itself as a grassroots Islamic movement, and does not mention the designation, though terror survives 23 times in the article. A reader today learns how the organization describes itself, and not what a foreign government has called it.

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Abbas al-Musawi

Abbas al-Musawi was Hezbollah’s Secretary-General from 1991 to 1992. The 2010 opening explained that a new leader was needed partly to facilitate the release of the Western hostages held by Hezbollah. Today’s opening is entirely an infobox of Hezbollah officials, and carries no mention of hostages, though the word survives 3 times elsewhere in the article. A reader today does not learn that Hezbollah’s own leadership succession was tied to its hostage-taking of Westerners.

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Al-Manar

Al-Manar is Hezbollah’s Lebanese satellite television station. The 2010 opening stated plainly: Al-Manar was designated as a Specially Designated Global Terrorist entity, and banned by the United States in December 2004. Today’s opening carries no mention of that designation, though terror survives 30 times elsewhere in the article. A reader arriving at the opening today does not learn that the United States government designated Al-Manar a terrorist entity.

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Ali Ünal

Ali Ünal is a Turkish journalist whose newspaper, Zaman, was shut down after the failed 2016 coup. The 2020 opening stated he was accused of establishing and managing an armed terrorist organization and membership in a terrorist organization. Today’s opening drops the charges entirely, describing him only as a former Zaman chief writer, though terror survives 5 times elsewhere in the article. A reader today does not learn that Ünal was formally charged with terrorist organization membership.

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Ayman al-Zawahiri

Ayman al-Zawahiri was al-Qaeda’s second leader and one of the main orchestrators of the September 11 attacks. The 2020 opening called him plainly an Egyptian terrorist known for leading the terrorist group al-Qaeda. Today’s opening calls him an Egyptian-born pan-Islamist militant and physician, and terrorist does not appear, though terror survives 40 times elsewhere in the article. A reader today learns Wikipedia’s own word for him is militant, and not what it was in 2020: terrorist.

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Fasad

Fasad is an Arabic Islamic legal term for moral corruption. The 2010 opening stated that Islamic thinkers have defined acts of terrorism by Muslims as fasad, and noted that critics of Islam say the term is used incorrectly to denounce terrorism. Today’s opening is a bare dictionary definition with no mention of terrorism at all, and the word survives only once elsewhere in the article. A reader today does not learn that the term has been used by Islamic thinkers to characterize acts of terrorism.

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Feiz Mohammad

Feiz Mohammad is an Australian Muslim preacher. The 2015 opening quoted former US Senator Joseph Lieberman’s book describing him as providing a level of religious justification for Islamist terrorist violence, alongside Anwar al-Awlaki and Abdullah el-Faisal. Today’s opening reads only that he is an Australian Muslim preacher, and terror survives 12 times elsewhere in the article. A reader today does not learn that a US senator’s book named him alongside al-Awlaki as a source of religious justification for terrorist violence.

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Friedrich Weißler

Friedrich Weißler was a German-Jewish lawyer who helped draft a 1936 church memorandum to Hitler before dying at Sachsenhausen concentration camp. The 2010 opening described the memorandum as condemning anti-Semitism, concentration camps, the state terrorism. Today’s opening says only that he joined the Christian resistance against the Nazi regime, without naming what the memorandum condemned, though antisemitism survives 3 times elsewhere in the article. A reader today does not learn that the document he helped draft explicitly condemned antisemitism by name.

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Hamid Slimi

Hamid Slimi is a Canadian imam who wrote the 2000 book Terrorism: An Islamic Perspective, published before the September 11 attacks. The 2010 opening listed his works, noting he is known for his book Terrorism: An Islamic Perspective. Today the word terror does not appear anywhere in the article, not just the opening. A reader today does not learn that Slimi wrote a book specifically addressing terrorism from an Islamic perspective, published before 9/11.

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International Institute of Islamic Thought

The International Institute of Islamic Thought is a Virginia-based Islamic organization. The 2015 opening stated that the FBI has raided the Institute seeking evidence of contributing terrorists, and that members have been arrested and found to be leaders of terrorist organizations. Today’s opening describes only the Institute’s stated mission to revive and reform Islamic thought, and terror survives 7 times elsewhere in the article. A reader today does not learn that the FBI raided the Institute while investigating members later found to be leaders of terrorist organizations.

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Islamberg, New York

Islamberg is a rural hamlet in Delaware County, New York, founded by followers of Pakistani cleric Sheikh Mubarak Ali Gilani, and it has drawn law enforcement scrutiny and armed plots against it. Through 2015 the opening said news agencies have reported speculation that the group is operating as a terrorist training camp. Today the opening carries the word terror zero times, though it survives seven times in the article. A reader arriving now learns only that Islamberg is a hamlet in a New York town, and not that news agencies reported it as a possible terrorist training site.

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Islamic State – Sahel Province

The Islamic State – Sahel Province, formerly the Islamic State in the Greater Sahara, is an Islamic State affiliate that has claimed attacks across the Sahel. In 2020 the opening called it “the Islamic State in the Greater Sahara (IS-GS) is a terrorist militant group with a Salafi Jihadism ideology.” Today the opening calls it simply “an Islamist militant group adhering to the ideology of Salafi Jihadism,” and terror appears zero times in the opening, though it survives twenty-nine times in the article. A reader today learns the group’s ideology, and not that Wikipedia’s own opening once called it a terrorist group.

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Jabel Mukaber

Jabel Mukaber is a Palestinian neighborhood of East Jerusalem that has been home to perpetrators of attacks on Israelis, including the 2014 Har Nof synagogue attack. In 2010 the opening said the neighborhood “has been branded a hotbed of terrorism and an obstacle to the peace process due to militant activity and support for terrorism among some residents.” Today the opening carries neither terrorism nor militant, and terror appears zero times in the opening though it survives twice in the article. A reader today learns the neighborhood’s population and borders, and not that it has been described as a center of militant activity and support for terrorism.

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Joseph Samuel Bloch

Joseph Samuel Bloch was an Austrian rabbi known for fighting antisemitic blood libel accusations in the Austro-Hungarian press and courts. In 2010 the opening said “Antisemitism was endemic in Austria during the late nineteenth century and was taking political center-stage from the 1870s on,” and that he “became a byword amongst liberals for antisemitic falsifications, even if antisemites still honored him.” Today the opening is a single sentence giving his birth, death and occupation, and antisemitism appears zero times in the opening though it survives three times in the article. A reader today learns Bloch was a rabbi and deputy, and not that his career took place against a backdrop of endemic antisemitism that he spent his career countering.

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Maktab al-Khidamat

Maktab al-Khidamat, founded by Abdullah Azzam and Osama bin Laden, was the forerunner organization to al-Qaeda. Through October 2023 the opening described the split “between Azzam and the Egyptian Islamic Jihad (EIJ) led by Ayman al-Zawahiri” and named “those who opposed moving the jihad to Palestine, including bin Laden.” Today jihad appears zero times in the opening, though it survives twenty times in the article. A reader today learns MAK raised funds and recruited fighters against the Soviets, and not that its founders later split over whether to direct jihad against Muslim governments or toward Palestine.

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Mali War

The Mali War is the armed conflict that began in 2012 when insurgent and Islamist groups, including AQIM and Ansar Dine, fought the Malian government. Through October 2023 the opening said the MNLA “were initially backed by the Islamist group Ansar Dine” and that despite a 2015 ceasefire, “sporadic terrorist attacks still occur.” Today the opening is a list of belligerents with no prose describing the war, and terror appears zero times in the opening though it survives nineteen times in the article. A reader today learns which countries and factions fought, and not that Islamist groups were involved from the start or that terrorist attacks continued after the 2015 ceasefire.

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Manisha Ganguly

Manisha Ganguly is an investigations correspondent for The Guardian, previously known for a BBC career built on exposing war crimes. In the October 6, 2023 snapshot the opening said she “previously worked as investigative documentary producer for the BBC, where she won multiple awards for her work exposing war crimes.” Today the opening says she “worked as investigative documentary producer for BBC News covering conflict and international affairs,” and war crime appears zero times in the opening though it survives six times in the article. A reader today learns she covered conflict, and not that she won multiple awards specifically for exposing war crimes.

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Migdalim

Migdalim is an Israeli settlement in the West Bank whose resident, Eldad Abir, was murdered by Palestinian terrorists in 2006. Through 2015 the opening said Abir “was shot at point blank range and killed by Palestine Arab terrorists while working in the local gas station,” and that the Fatah Al-Aqsa Martyrs’ Terrorists Brigades claimed responsibility. Today the opening covers only the settlement’s location, population and legal status, and terror appears zero times in the opening though it survives twice in the article. A reader today learns the settlement’s population and legal status, and not that a resident was murdered there by Palestinian terrorists in 2006.

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Mohammed Hamid (preacher)

Mohammed Hamid is a British citizen convicted of training the men behind the attempted 21 July 2005 London bombings. Through October 2023 the opening called him “a British national convicted of training terrorists for the unsuccessful 21 July 2005 London bombings.” Today the opening calls him “convicted of training the perpetrators of the attempted bombings,” and terror appears zero times in the opening though it survives twenty-two times in the article. A reader today learns he trained the perpetrators of a bombing attempt, and not that Wikipedia’s own opening once called those men terrorists.

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Morgenthau Report

The Morgenthau report was the 1919 US mission that investigated the pogroms against Jews in Poland, including the Pinsk massacre. Through 2015 the opening described Morgenthau attending “a packed service for the 35 Jewish victims of the Pinsk massacre of April 1919,” and credited him “as an opponent of the open anti-semitism of Dmowski.” Today the opening says the mission investigated “alleged Polish pogroms,” and the reference to Dmowski’s antisemitism is gone, with massacre appearing zero times in the opening though it survives twice in the article. A reader today learns the mission investigated “alleged” pogroms, and not that it was formed partly in response to a documented antisemitic Polish nationalist, or that it directly examined a massacre with named victims.

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Moro conflict

The Moro conflict is the decades-long insurgency in the Philippines fought in part by Islamist and jihadist groups against the government. In 2015 the opening called it “a series of insurgencies launched by Maoist rebels, Moro rebels, and Islamists against Government forces that began in 1969.” Today that definitional sentence has been replaced with “political tensions and open hostilities developed between the Government of…”, and islamist appears zero times in the opening though it survives six times in the article. A reader today learns the conflict began with political tensions, and not that the opening once named Islamists as one of the insurgent parties from the start.

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Naz Shah

Naz Shah is a British Labour MP who was suspended from the party in 2016 and publicly admitted to using antisemitic language in past social media posts. Through October 2023 the opening quoted her: “The language I used was anti-Semitic, it was offensive,” she said. Today the opening covers only her constituency and parliamentary roles with no mention of the episode, and antisemitism appears zero times in the opening though it survives twenty-three times in the article. A reader today learns her constituency and committee roles, and not that she publicly admitted her past language was antisemitic.

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Online Hate Prevention Institute

The Online Hate Prevention Institute is an Australian charity whose stated work includes combating antisemitism online. In 2020 the opening said its “work on antisemitism has been undertaken for the Global Forum for Combating Antisemitism, while work on Islamophobia has been used by the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation.” Today the opening is a single sentence identifying it only as “an independent harm prevention charity,” and antisemitism appears zero times in the opening though it survives eleven times in the article. A reader today learns only that it is a harm prevention charity, and not that its stated work includes combating antisemitism.

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Ottoman Caliphate

The Ottoman Caliphate was the seat of religious authority claimed by Ottoman rulers, whose forces under the Committee of Union and Progress carried out the Armenian genocide. In 2005 the opening said Ottoman forces “under the direction of the CUP massacred, detained, and deported over a million Armenians in what has been termed the Armenian genocide.” Today the opening covers the title’s history with no mention of the genocide, and massacre appears zero times in the opening though it survives twice in the article. A reader today learns how Ottoman rulers claimed the title of caliph, and not that forces acting under that same Ottoman state committed the Armenian genocide.

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Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine – External Operations

The PFLP – External Operations was Wadie Haddad’s cell responsible for a wave of international hijackings and attacks in the 1970s, including the Entebbe hijacking. Through 2015 the opening said the group’s international attacks “were regarded as terrorism, and were not sanctioned by” the PFLP, and referred to “the political fallout of Haddad’s spectacular terrorist operations.” Today the opening says only that the attacks “were not sanctioned by” the PFLP, and terror appears zero times in the opening though it survives once in the article. A reader today learns the PFLP did not sanction the attacks, and not that they were regarded as terrorism.

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R/The Donald

r/The_Donald was the pro-Trump subreddit banned by Reddit in 2020 after a documented history that included antisemitic content. In 2020 the opening said the subreddit had “a lengthy documented history of hosting conspiracy theories and content that was racist, misogynistic, islamophobic, and antisemitic.” Today the opening covers the subreddit’s founding, size and ban with no mention of antisemitic content, and antisemitism appears zero times in the opening though it survives ten times in the article. A reader today learns the subreddit was banned for harassment and targeting, and not that it had a documented history of antisemitic content.

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Resistance movement

This article defines “resistance movement,” the umbrella term Wikipedia applies to groups including Palestinian armed factions. Through 2020 the opening noted that “resistance movement” and “freedom fighters” “can become ambiguous terms for what other observers might describe as terrorists.” Today the opening defines the term without that qualifier, and terror appears zero times in the opening though it survives eight times in the article. A reader today learns only the definition of a resistance movement, and not that Wikipedia’s own opening once flagged the term as ambiguous with terrorism.

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Salah Khalaf

Salah Khalaf, known as Abu Iyad, was the PLO’s deputy chief and a founder of the Black September Organization. Through 2015 the opening said he had “already met Israel’s most-wanted terrorist,” and that he “became one of the foremost advocates for the terror campaigns conducted by PLO fighters and others during the early 1970s.” Today the opening calls him “a Palestinian militant” and deputy chief of the PLO, with no mention of terror campaigns, and terror appears zero times in the opening though it survives nine times in the article. A reader today learns he was the PLO’s deputy chief and intelligence head, and not that he was described as Israel’s most-wanted terrorist or as a foremost advocate for terror campaigns.

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Salahuddin Mustafa Muhammad

Salahuddin Mustafa Muhammad is the American imam whose congregation failed to report a man recruiting members for violent jihad, who turned out to be an FBI informant. In 2010 the opening said congregants “discussed the fact that a man who regularly attended the mosque appeared to be recruiting members for violent Jihad (this man turned out to be the FBI’s planted informant).” Today the opening describes him only as the mosque’s imam and a chaplain, with no mention of the recruitment episode, and jihad appears zero times in the opening though it survives three times in the article. A reader today learns he is an imam and prison chaplain, and not that his congregation failed to report a man recruiting for violent jihad.

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Savoy Hotel attack

The Savoy Hotel attack was a 1975 PLO assault on a Tel Aviv hotel in which guests were taken hostage and threatened with execution. In 2010 the opening said “the guests were taken hostage,” that Palestinians threatened to execute them if 20 prisoners were not released within four hours, and that “five hostages were freed, while eight were killed.” Today the opening is a single sentence naming it a terrorist attack by the PLO, with no mention of the hostages, the threat, or the death toll, and hostage appears zero times in the opening though it survives ten times in the article. A reader today learns the attack happened and who carried it out, and not that guests were held hostage, threatened with execution, or that eight of them were killed.

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Tariq Abdelhaleem

Tariq Abdelhaleem is an Egyptian Islamist cleric praised by Al-Qaeda leader Ayman al-Zawahiri. Through 2023 the opening said he posted a video calling for violent jihad “and shedding of blood against Egyptian leader Abdel Fattah el-Sisi” after the overthrow of President Morsi. Today’s opening carries neither claim, though jihad survives seven times in the body. A reader today does not learn that Abdelhaleem called for violent jihad and bloodshed against Egypt’s president.

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The Exodus Movement

The Exodus Movement, formerly Jexodus, is a right-wing group urging Jews to leave the Democratic Party. Through 2020 the opening quoted the group’s mission statement, “the simple, formerly non-controversial idea that Anti-Semitism must never be mainstreamed by the media or by any political party,” and explained that the name change followed ridicule of “Jexodus.” Today’s opening carries neither passage, though antisemitism survives three times in the body. A reader today does not learn the organization’s own stated reason for existing or why it changed its name.

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Tunnel warfare in the Gaza Strip

The Gaza Strip’s tunnel network was built by Hamas and other Palestinian groups to store weapons, move fighters, launch attacks and hold hostages. As of October 6, 2023 the opening quoted Israeli spokesmen who said the tunnels’ aim, as “terror tunnels,” was to harm Israeli civilians. Today’s opening no longer uses that term, though terror survives 35 times in the body. A reader today does not learn that Israeli officials call this network “terror tunnels.”

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United Development Party

The United Development Party (PPP) is Indonesia’s Islam-rooted political party, formed from a merger of Islamic parties in 1973. As of October 6, 2023 the opening called it an Islamist political party and said it “once again became an Islamist party in the early Post-Suharto era.” Today’s opening calls it only an “Islam-based political party,” though islamist survives seven times in the body. A reader today learns the party is Islam-based, not that Wikipedia’s own opening once called it Islamist.

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Yitzhak Arad

Yitzhak Arad was Yad Vashem’s longtime director and a Soviet partisan during World War II. Through 2015 the opening said “it was revealed in the 2000s that he had served in the NKVD and from 2006, he was investigated for war crimes and crimes against humanity in Lithuania.” Today’s opening carries none of this, though war crime survives once in the body. A reader today does not learn that Lithuania opened a war crimes investigation into Arad.

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Yuval

Yuval is an Israeli moshav on the Lebanese border. Through 2015 the opening said its border position “has made it a target for terrorist attacks” and that in 1975 “a group of terrorists infiltrated the moshav, took control of a residence, and killed three members of one family.” Today’s opening does not mention the attack at all, though terror survives three times in the body. A reader today does not learn that a family of three was killed there in a 1975 terrorist infiltration.

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Zvi Zamir

Zvi Zamir directed the Mossad from 1968 to 1974 and ran Israel’s response to the killing of its athletes at the 1972 Munich Olympics. Through 2015 the opening said he “helped carry out Operation Wrath of God, the Israeli response to the Munich Massacre, and dealt with the lead up and aftermath of the Yom Kippur War.” Today’s opening omits this entirely, though massacre survives four times in the body. A reader today does not learn that Zamir directed Israel’s response to the Munich Massacre.

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1983 Beirut barracks bombings

The 1983 Beirut barracks bombings killed 307 people when two truck bombs hit U.S. and French peacekeepers. Through 2020 the opening noted that “an Iranian group called the Committee for the Commemoration of Martyrs of the Global Islamic Campaign had erected a monument… to commemorate the 1983 bombings and its ‘martyrs’.” Today’s opening no longer mentions this, though martyr survives three times in the body. A reader today does not learn that an Iranian group memorialized the bombers as martyrs.

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1990 Cairo bus attack

The 1990 Cairo bus attack killed nine Israeli tourists in an assault partly claimed by the Palestinian Islamic Jihad. As of October 6, 2023 the opening’s descriptor line read “Terrorist attack on Israeli tourists in Cairo,” calling it a terrorist attack. Today’s descriptor reads “Military attack in Egypt,” though terror survives six times in the body. A reader today does not learn that Wikipedia’s own opening once labeled this a terrorist attack rather than a military attack.

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2002 Metzer attack

The 2002 Metzer attack killed five Israeli civilians, including a mother and her two children, at Kibbutz Metzer. The 2005 opening named the perpetrator, saying “Sirhan Sirhan Sirhan is a Palestinian militant responsible for an attack on the Israeli Kibbutz Metzer,” and noted that a year later he was killed by the YAMAM. Today’s opening calls him only “a Palestinian,” though militant survives three times in the body. A reader today does not learn who carried out the attack or that Israeli forces killed him a year later.

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2005 Bangladesh bombings

The 2005 Bangladesh bombings were roughly 500 coordinated bombs set off in one day by the Islamist group Jama’atul Mujahideen Bangladesh. Through 2015 the opening said the perpetrators, “along with 4 other militants, were executed by hanging on 30 March 2007.” Militant appears nowhere in the article today, and the opening no longer mentions the executions. A reader today does not learn that the bombers were executed as militants.

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2008–2009 Oslo anti-Israel riots

The 2008-2009 Oslo riots saw mobs in Norway attack Jews and Jewish-associated targets during the Gaza War. The 2010 opening compared the riots to Norway’s wartime past, saying “during World War II, when anti-Semitic prejudices were strong, public policies were discriminatory… even then, Norway had not seen anti-Jewish outbursts of this scale.” Today’s opening drops that comparison, and protesters’ chants of “Death to the Jews” and “Kill the Jews” are also gone from the opening, though antisemitism survives 11 times in the body. A reader today does not learn that Wikipedia’s own opening once called these Norway’s worst antisemitic riots on record, or what protesters were recorded chanting.

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2015 Verviers police raid

The January 2015 Verviers raid was a Belgian police operation that killed two suspected jihadists days after the Charlie Hebdo attacks. The 2015 opening quoted Belgian prosecutors describing the raid as targeting “a jihadist terrorist cell, reportedly believed to have links to ISIS, on the verge of committing a terrorist attack.” Today’s opening says only that it was “an anti-terrorist operation against Islamist radicals,” though jihad survives three times in the body. A reader today does not learn that Belgian prosecutors linked the cell to ISIS and said it was about to carry out an attack.

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2017 Minya bus attack

The 2017 Minya bus attack killed at least 33 Coptic Christians traveling to a monastery in Egypt, an attack claimed by ISIS. The 2020 opening’s descriptor line read “Terrorist attack on a convoy carrying Copts to the Monastery of Saint Samuel the Confessor in Egypt.” Today’s descriptor reads simply “Attack in Egypt,” though terror survives 14 times in the body. A reader today does not learn from the opening that this was classified as a terrorist attack.

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Aaron Brown (journalist)

Aaron Brown was the CNN anchor known for his live coverage of the September 11, 2001 attacks from Ground Zero. The 2005 opening credited him for “his compelling coverage of the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001 from Ground Zero,” and noted his coverage of “the ongoing war on terrorism.” Today’s opening calls it only “the September 11 attacks,” though terror survives once in the body. A reader today does not learn from the opening that Wikipedia itself once called September 11 a terrorist attack in Brown’s biography.

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Abdel Rahman Zuabi

Abdel Rahman Zuabi was the first Israeli Arab to serve as a Supreme Court justice, and sat on the commission investigating the 1994 attack on Muslim worshippers at the Cave of the Patriarchs in Hebron. The 2010 opening said “he was on the commission that investigated the Mosque of Abraham massacre in Hebron,” adding he was included “since the victims of the massacre were Arabs.” Today’s opening does not mention the commission or the massacre, though massacre survives once in the body. A reader today does not learn that Zuabi investigated the massacre of Muslim worshippers in Hebron.

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Abdelbaki Sahraoui

Abdelbaki Sahraoui co-founded Algeria’s Islamic Salvation Front and was assassinated in Paris in 1995. The 2010 opening said he “preached in favor of armed struggle - jihad - against the Algerian government,” and that he was killed by the Armed Islamic Group after opposing extending the jihad to France. Today’s opening says only that he co-founded the FIS, though jihad survives twice in the body. A reader today does not learn that he preached violent jihad or how and why he was killed.

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Abdullah Nimar Darwish

Sheikh Abdullah Nimar Darwish founded the Islamic Movement in Israel. The 2010 opening said that in 1979 he established “an underground organization called Usrat al-Jihad (‘The Family of Jihad’), whose goal was to establish ‘an Arab Islamic state in Palestine,’” and that he was later “convicted of membership in a terrorist organization.” Today’s opening says only that he founded the Islamic Movement in Israel, though jihad survives three times in the body. A reader today does not learn that Darwish founded a group called “The Family of Jihad” or that he was convicted of belonging to a terrorist organization.

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Abu Ali Mustafa

Abu Ali Mustafa led the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine and was assassinated by Israel in a targeted killing in 2001. The 2010 opening said “the PFLP is regarded as a terrorist organisation by Israel and many western states.” Today’s opening no longer carries this designation, though terror survives once in the body. A reader today learns that Mustafa led the PFLP and was assassinated by Israel, but not that Israel and multiple Western governments designate the PFLP a terrorist organization.

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Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi

Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi was the founder and first leader of the Islamic State, who proclaimed himself caliph in 2014. Through at least 2020 the opening said that after the 2003 invasion he ‘joined Salafi jihadist groups in Iraq.’ Today the opening says he ‘led the “Jama’at Jaysh Ahl al-Sunna wal-Jama’ah” insurgent group in Iraq,’ with jihadist gone from the opening though jihad survives 29 times elsewhere in the article. A reader today learns he led an insurgent group, not that Wikipedia once specifically described the groups he joined as Salafi jihadist.

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Abu Daoud

Abu Daoud was the Palestinian planner, architect and mastermind of the Munich massacre, the 1972 killing of Israeli Olympic athletes. Through October 2023 the opening called him a ‘Palestinian terrorist, teacher and lawyer.’ Today the opening calls him a ‘Palestinian militant, teacher and lawyer,’ with terrorist gone from the opening though the word survives 10 times elsewhere in the article. A reader today learns he was a militant, not that Wikipedia once called the mastermind of the Munich massacre a terrorist outright.

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Ahmed al-Sharaa

Ahmed al-Sharaa, formerly known by his nom de guerre Abu Mohammad al-Julani, is now president of Syria. Through October 2023 the opening identified him as ‘commander-in-chief of the Syrian militant group Tahrir al-Sham’ and ‘emir of its predecessor organisation al-Nusra Front, the Syrian branch of al-Qaeda.’ Today the opening calls him a ‘Syrian politician and former rebel commander,’ with no mention of Tahrir al-Sham as a militant group or al-Nusra Front as al-Qaeda’s Syrian branch, though militant survives 6 times elsewhere in the article. A reader today learns he was a rebel commander, not that he led a group Wikipedia itself once identified as al-Qaeda’s branch in Syria.

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Ahmed Raissouni

Ahmed Raissouni is a Moroccan jurist and former head of the International Union of Muslim Scholars, closely tied to the Muslim Brotherhood and Morocco’s Justice and Development Party. In 2020 the opening called him a ‘Moroccan Islamist jurist’ and identified the JDP as ‘the Moroccan Islamist party.’ Today the opening calls him a ‘Moroccan Islamic scholar and jurist,’ with Islamist gone from the opening entirely. A reader today learns he is an Islamic scholar, not that Wikipedia once classified him and the party he served as Islamist.

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Al-Aqsa TV

Al-Aqsa TV is the Hamas-run television channel broadcasting from Gaza, including children’s programming. In 2010 and again in 2023 the opening noted the channel’s children’s shows ‘have been accused by some in the Western world of promoting “antisemitic” views.’ Today the opening describes the channel’s programs only as ‘news and propaganda promoting Hamas, children’s shows, and religiously inspired entertainment,’ with the antisemitism accusation gone though the word survives 7 times elsewhere in the article. A reader today learns the channel airs children’s programming and propaganda, not that its children’s shows were accused of promoting antisemitic content.

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Al-Haq

Al-Haq is the Ramallah-based Palestinian human rights organization active since 1979. In 2020 the opening reported that Visa, Mastercard and American Express had withdrawn donation facilities from Al-Haq and three other NGOs in 2018 after being alerted the groups had ‘links to a designated terrorist organisation.’ Today the opening describes Al-Haq only as a group that ‘monitors and documents human rights violations’ and lists its institutional affiliations, with no mention of the terrorist-designation controversy, though terror survives 15 times elsewhere in the article. A reader today learns which international bodies Al-Haq is affiliated with, not that major credit card companies cut its donation processing over alleged links to a designated terrorist organization.

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Ali Hassan Salameh

Ali Hassan Salameh was the Black September operations chief behind the 1972 Munich massacre of Israeli Olympic athletes. In 2020 the opening described him as chief of operations for ‘Black September, the organization responsible for the 1972 Munich massacre and other terror attacks.’ Today the opening calls him a ‘Palestinian militant’ and ‘chief of operations for Black September and founder of Force 17,’ with no mention of Munich massacre responsibility or terror attacks, though terror survives 4 times elsewhere in the article. A reader today learns he led Black September and founded Force 17, not that Wikipedia once identified Black September as the organization responsible for the Munich massacre and other terror attacks.

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Amitzur Shapira

Amitzur Shapira was an Israeli Olympic track coach murdered in the 1972 Munich massacre. In 2010 the opening said he and 10 other Israeli team members ‘were taken hostage by Arab terrorists at the games,’ then ‘held hostage and later murdered on the tarmac of Furstenfeldbruck airbase.’ Today the opening says only that ‘He was killed in the Munich massacre,’ with the hostage-taking and the identification of Arab terrorists as the perpetrators gone. A reader today learns he died in the Munich massacre, not that he was taken hostage by Arab terrorists and murdered on an airport tarmac during a failed rescue.

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Anthedon (Palestine)

Anthedon is an ancient Hellenistic city near Gaza and a UNESCO-designated historical site. In 2015 the opening reported that ‘In 2013, Hamas bulldozed part of it in order to build a “terrorist training camp”.’ Today the opening covers only the ancient and classical history of the site, with the 2013 Hamas demolition and the terrorist training camp gone, though terror survives twice elsewhere in the article. A reader today learns how Anthedon’s Roman and Herodian rulers renamed the city, not that Hamas bulldozed part of the UNESCO-designated ancient site in 2013 to build a terrorist training camp.

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Antisemitism in Spain

Antisemitism in Spain covers documented medieval massacres of Jewish communities, including Granada in 1066 and across Spain in 1391. In 2020 the opening described Jews under Islamic rule in Al-Andalus facing ‘occasional violent outbursts such as the 1066 Granada massacre,’ and that ‘the situation peaked with the massacres of 1391, in which entire communities were murdered and many were forcibly converted.’ Today the opening is a single sentence, that antisemitism in Spain ‘is the expression through words or actions of an ideology of hatred towards Jews on Spanish soil,’ with both the Granada massacre and the 1391 massacres gone, though massacre survives twice elsewhere in the article. A reader today learns only an abstract definition, not that documented massacres of Jewish communities occurred in Granada in 1066 and across Spain in 1391.

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Arab European League

The Arab European League was a Pan-Arabist political organization in Belgium and the Netherlands, dissolved by court order in 2007. In 2005 the opening said that ‘while not Islamist, and eschewing violence itself,’ the AEL ‘does express support for the actions of Islamist resistance, militant, and terrorist groups in the Middle East.’ Today the opening describes the AEL only as a Pan-Arabist organization dissolved in 2007, with no mention of its expressed support for Islamist, militant or terrorist groups, though islamist survives twice elsewhere in the article. A reader today learns the AEL was Pan-Arabist and dissolved by court order, not that Wikipedia once documented its own stated support for Islamist, militant and terrorist groups in the Middle East.

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Arab League and the Arab–Israeli conflict

This article covers the Arab League’s role in the Arab-Israeli conflict, including its coordinated 1948 invasion after the British Mandate ended. In 2005 the opening quoted Arab League Secretary General Abdul Razek Azzam Pasha announcing, on the eve of the 1948 war, the intention to wage ‘a war of extermination and a momentous massacre which will be spoken of like the Mongolian massacres and the Crusades.’ Today the opening traces the League’s formation, its Palestine boycott, its 1964 creation of the PLO, and the Six-Day War oil embargo, with the Azzam Pasha extermination and massacre quote gone, though massacre survives 3 times elsewhere in the article. A reader today learns the League imposed a boycott and created the PLO, not that its own Secretary General publicly announced an intention to wage a war of extermination and momentous massacre before the 1948 war began.

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Avivim

Avivim is an Israeli moshav on the Lebanese border where Palestine Liberation Organization terrorists killed nine children and three adults in a 1970 school bus attack. In 2010 the opening said the moshav’s border proximity ‘made it a target for terrorist attacks,’ and that on May 8, 1970, ‘terrorists from the Palestine Liberation Organization attacked the community school bus, killing nine children and three adults, and crippling for life a further 19 people.’ Today the opening is two sentences giving only the moshav’s location and its 2024 population of 555, with the school bus attack and the word terrorist gone entirely, though terror survives 4 times elsewhere in the article. A reader today learns Avivim’s population and location, not that PLO terrorists killed nine children and three adults there in 1970.

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Bangladesh Islami Chhatra Shibir

Bangladesh Islami Chhatra Shibir is the student wing of the Islamist Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami, successor to a group that carried out war crimes for the Pakistani Army during the Bangladesh Liberation War. In 2015 the opening reported that a US thinktank study, the ‘IHS Jane’s 2013 Global Terrorism & Insurgency Attack Index,’ ‘listed Shibir as third largest armed group in the world,’ a ranking the organization has ‘denied and protested.’ Today the opening covers the organization’s 1977 founding, its predecessor’s role in the Bangladesh Liberation War, and its university presence, with the terrorism index ranking gone, though terror survives 19 times elsewhere in the article. A reader today learns which universities the organization is active at, not that a global terrorism index once ranked it the world’s third largest armed group.

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Beheading video

Beheading videos are a propaganda format built around hostages killed on camera, most notoriously used by Islamist militant groups during the War on Terror era. The 2010 opening explained the format was “popularized during the War on Terror for videos released by Islamist militant groups depicting interviews by hostages taken by said groups.” Today’s opening drops both phrases, describing the practice only as employed by groups “seeking to instill shock or terror,” though the word hostage survives 18 times elsewhere in the article. A reader today does not learn that this format was popularized specifically by Islamist militant groups fighting the War on Terror.

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Canadian Jewish Congress

The Canadian Jewish Congress was, for more than ninety years, the main advocacy body for Canada’s Jewish community. The 2005 opening explained that the Congress’s 1934 revival came “when a rising tide of anti-Semitism internationally provoked Jewish leaders to call the Congress’ second plenum.” Today’s opening describes decades of human rights and civil rights advocacy without mentioning the 1934 antisemitism that prompted the revival, though the word survives six times in the article. A reader today learns that the Congress advocated for human rights and not why it reconvened in 1934, that a rising tide of antisemitism forced Jewish leaders to act.

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Cevdet Kılıçlar

Cevdet Kılıçlar was a Turkish journalist killed aboard the Mavi Marmara during the 2010 Gaza flotilla raid. The 2015 opening quoted his widow that “he was prepared to become a martyr for the Palestinian cause.” Today’s opening describes him only as a journalist, photographer and aid worker killed in the raid, with no mention of martyrdom, though the word survives twice in the article. A reader today does not learn that, by his own widow’s account, Kılıçlar saw himself as prepared to die a martyr for the Palestinian cause aboard the flotilla.

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Christianity in the Middle East

The article covers Christianity’s steep decline across the Middle East, a population that fell from a claimed 20 percent of the region to 5 percent today. The 2015 opening attributed part of that decline to “the recent spread of Jihadist and Salafist ideology” and stated that in 2014 “the Assyrian population of North Iraq collapsed due to the Jihadist persecution.” Today’s opening gives the population figures, now down from 13 percent to 5 percent, with no cause named; the word jihad is gone from the article entirely. A reader today learns that the Christian population collapsed but not that Jihadist persecution, including the 2014 collapse of Iraq’s Assyrian community, was named as a cause.

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Committee for Charity and Support for the Palestinians

The Committee for Charity and Support for the Palestinians (CBSP) is a French charity for Palestinians that the United States, Australia and Israel accused of funding Hamas activity. The 2020 opening stated CBSP “has been designated a ‘Specially Designated Global Terrorist’ organization by the United States Department of the Treasury, and has been accused of being a fund raising organization for Hamas terror activities.” Today’s opening describes only CBSP’s stated humanitarian mission, staff and donor counts; the designation is gone from the opening though the word terror survives 10 times in the article. A reader today learns CBSP’s self-described humanitarian mission and not that the US Treasury designated it a Specially Designated Global Terrorist organization.

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Conversion of the Jews (future event)

The article covers the Christian belief in a future mass conversion of Jews, and the organized efforts by some denominations to bring it about. The 2015 opening noted that “efforts to convert Jews to Christianity are sometimes regarded as anti-semitic,” while other churches maintained “this is not anti-semitic.” Today’s opening describes the belief and the proselytizing efforts and the Jewish groups formed to counter them, without stating that these efforts are regarded by some as antisemitic, though the word survives six times in the article. A reader today learns that groups have organized against Christian proselytizing of Jews and not that the proselytizing itself has been called antisemitic.

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Daniel Lewin

Daniel Lewin was the Akamai co-founder and former Israeli commando believed to be the first person killed in the September 11 attacks. The 2005 opening described him dying “aboard American Airlines Flight 11 during the September 11, 2001 terrorist attack,” and identified his military background in Sayeret Matkal, “a top-secret counter-terrorism unit.” Today’s opening calls it only “the September 11 attacks” and drops the description of his counter-terrorism unit, though the word survives three times in the article. A reader today learns Lewin died in the September 11 attacks and not that Wikipedia’s own opening once called it a terrorist attack, or that he had served in an elite Israeli counter-terrorism unit.

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Elon Moreh

Elon Moreh is a West Bank settlement where, in 2002, a Palestinian terrorist attacked the Gavish family home and opened fire. Through 2010 the opening said a Palestinian terrorist infiltrated the village and burst into the home, and that “the lone terrorist managed to kill four residents before being killed himself.” Today the opening does not mention the attack at all, though terror survives 3 times in the body. A reader arriving at the opening today learns the settlement sits on land confiscated from two Palestinian villages and is considered illegal under international law, and not that a terrorist murdered four of its residents in 2002.

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Émile Zola

Émile Zola’s 1898 open letter J’accuse defended Alfred Dreyfus, a French army officer wrongfully imprisoned in the Dreyfus affair. The 2005 opening stated “J’accuse accused the French government of anti-Semitism and of wrongfully placing Alfred Dreyfus in jail.” Today’s opening calls Dreyfus “falsely accused and convicted” without naming anti-Semitism, though the word survives twice elsewhere in the article. A reader arriving at the opening today learns Zola helped exonerate a wrongly convicted officer, and not that his letter named the charge against France’s government as anti-Semitism.

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Fawaz Damrah

Fawaz Damrah was imam of the Islamic Center of Parma, the largest mosque in the Cleveland area. The 2010 opening said a video “was shown raising money for Islamic Jihad,” and that his citizenship case turned on lying about membership in organizations opposed to the United States. Today’s opening says only that Damra “was arrested by federal officials on an immigration violation,” without naming Islamic Jihad; jihad survives 5 times elsewhere in the article. A reader arriving at the opening today learns Damra was deported over an immigration violation, and not that the violation was tied to a video showing him raising money for Islamic Jihad.

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Fedayeen

Fedayeen is the Arabic term used for various armed groups and individuals across the Arab world, including groups that fought Israel. The 2010 opening described fedayeen as “a term used to describe several distinct, militant groups and individuals in the Arab world at different times in history.” Today’s opening calls fedayeen “various military groups willing to sacrifice themselves for a larger campaign,” dropping militant; the word survives 3 times elsewhere in the article. A reader arriving at the opening today learns fedayeen groups sacrificed themselves for a campaign, and not that Wikipedia’s own opening once classed them as militant rather than military.

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Finsbury Park Mosque

Finsbury Park Mosque in London became internationally known after Abu Hamza al-Masri took it over as imam. The 2010 opening said leadership disputes in the 1990s allowed “extremist Islamist preachers” to take over the mosque, which “developed a reputation as a centre of radical Islamism in London.” Today’s opening calls Abu Hamza only “a radical preacher,” without the word Islamist; it survives once elsewhere in the article. A reader arriving at the opening today learns the mosque gained a radical preacher, and not that Wikipedia once described that takeover, and the mosque’s reputation, as Islamist.

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François Genoud

François Genoud was a Swiss financier of the Nazi diaspora who also supported Middle Eastern militant groups after World War II. The October 6, 2023 opening named his friends including “terrorist Carlos the Jackal.” Today’s opening calls the same man “militant Carlos the Jackal,” and the word terror survives 3 times elsewhere in the article. A reader arriving at the opening today learns Carlos the Jackal was Genoud’s friend, and not that Wikipedia’s own opening once called him a terrorist rather than a militant.

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Gaza envelope

The Gaza envelope is the strip of southern Israel within 7 kilometers of the Gaza Strip border. The 2015 opening said communities there “have been suffering from incessant terrorist attacks such as infiltration attempts, mortar shells and Qassam rockets,” and that the Knesset acted “after several years of terrorist attacks.” Today’s opening describes the area only as being “within range of mortar shells and Qassam rockets launched from the Gaza Strip,” without the word terrorist; it survives once elsewhere in the article. A reader arriving at the opening today learns the Gaza envelope is within range of rocket fire, and not that Wikipedia’s own opening once called that fire, and the infiltrations alongside it, terrorist attacks.

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Gilad Shalit prisoner exchange

The 2011 Gilad Shalit prisoner exchange freed an Israeli soldier held by Hamas in return for 1,027 prisoners. The 2015 opening said the agreement came “five years and four months after Palestinian militants captured Shalit in southern Israel along the Gaza Strip border.” Today’s opening opens directly with the exchange deal and does not say Shalit was captured by militants; the word survives 12 times elsewhere in the article. A reader arriving at the opening today learns the terms of the prisoner exchange, and not that Wikipedia’s own opening once stated Shalit was captured by Palestinian militants along the Gaza border.

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HaGalil

HaGalil is a German-language online magazine covering Judaism, German Jewry and Israel, among the most widely read of its kind in German. The 2010 opening quoted the magazine’s editor stating its main goals as being “to fight anti-Semitism and neo-Nazism on the web, and to supply data regarding Judaism, Jews and Israel.” Today’s opening says only that haGalil relates “to the issues of Judaism, German Jewry and Israel,” without naming its anti-Semitism mission; the word survives twice elsewhere in the article. A reader arriving at the opening today learns what subjects the magazine covers, and not that its editor stated its main goal was fighting anti-Semitism and neo-Nazism.

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Hamadi Jebali

Hamadi Jebali is a Tunisian politician who served as prime minister and led the Ennahda Movement. The 2015 opening described him as an “Islamist politician” and Ennahda as “a moderate Islamist party in Tunisia.” Today’s opening drops the word from his own description and calls Ennahda “a moderate Islamic party in Tunisia” instead; the word survives 5 times elsewhere in the article. A reader arriving at the opening today learns Jebali led a moderate Islamic party, and not that Wikipedia’s own opening once called both him and Ennahda Islamist rather than Islamic.

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HaOlam HaZeh

HaOlam HaZeh was an Israeli weekly magazine known for investigative reporting that angered the Israeli establishment. The 2005 opening said its reporting “played an important part” in stories including “the massacre at Qibya… and the Kafr Qasim massacre.” Today’s opening describes its work only as “investigative reports… which provoked anger from the Israeli establishment,” without naming either massacre; the word survives 3 times elsewhere in the article. A reader arriving at the opening today learns the magazine’s reporting angered Israel’s establishment, and not that two of the stories it covered were the Qibya and Kafr Qasim massacres.

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HaSharon Junction

HaSharon Junction, also known as Beit Lid Junction, is the site of a 1995 attack by Palestinian Islamic Jihad. The 2010 opening called it “the Beit Lid massacre, a 1995 suicide attack by Palestinian Islamic Jihad,” and named a monument to its victims. Today’s opening calls the same event “the Beit Lid suicide bombing” throughout; the word massacre no longer appears anywhere in the article. A reader arriving at the opening today learns a suicide bombing happened at the junction, and not that Wikipedia’s own opening once named it the Beit Lid massacre.

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Hyam Maccoby

Hyam Maccoby was a Jewish British scholar who spent much of his career tracing the origins of Christian antisemitism to the Gospels’ account of Jesus’s death and the legend of Judas Iscariot. Through 2015 the opening said he “wrote extensively on the phenomenon of ancient and modern antisemitism” and identified the Gospel traditions blaming the Jews for the death of Jesus as “the roots of Christian antisemitism.” Today’s opening says only that he was “known for his theories of the historical Jesus and the origins of Christianity”; antisemitism appears 5 times elsewhere in the article. A reader arriving now does not learn that Maccoby’s defining scholarly project was tracing the theological roots of antisemitism.

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Ibrahim al-Maqadma Mosque attack

This is an Israeli airstrike on a Gaza mosque during the 2008-2009 Gaza War, struck during evening prayers. Earlier snapshots said a commission’s report found “there was no evidence that the mosque has been used to store weapons or that it was being used by Palestinian militants at the time.” Today’s opening carries no casualty count, no detail on who was praying inside, and no mention of that finding; militant survives 3 times in the body. A reader today does not learn that an official inquiry found no evidence the mosque was used by militants or to store weapons at the time of the strike, nor that at least thirteen people, six of them children, were killed.

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Immanuel (Israeli settlement)

Immanuel is a West Bank settlement where, in 2002, a bus was bombed, killing nine people. Through 2010 the opening said “In 2002, the town was the site of a terrorist attack on civilians, which claimed nine lives.” Today’s opening describes only the settlement’s founding, population and legal status under international law; terror survives 5 times elsewhere in the article. A reader today does not learn that a terrorist attack killed nine civilians in Immanuel in 2002.

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Indian Airlines Flight 814

Indian Airlines Flight 814 was hijacked in 1999 by five members of Harkat-ul-Mujahideen and flown to Kandahar. Through the October 2023 snapshot the opening said the plane “was hijacked shortly after takeoff by terrorists.” Today’s opening says the flight “was hijacked… by five members of Harkat-ul-Mujahideen,” without the word terrorists; militant survives 6 times elsewhere in the article. A reader today learns who hijacked the plane and not that Wikipedia once called them terrorists in its own voice.

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Iran hostage crisis

The Iran hostage crisis began in 1979 when the U.S. embassy in Tehran was seized and 52 Americans held for 444 days. In 2010 the opening said the embassy was taken over by “a group of Islamist students and militants… in support of the Iranian Revolution.” Today’s opening is built around an infobox of belligerents and commanders and does not carry this description; militant survives 3 times elsewhere in the article. A reader today does not learn, from the opening, that the people who seized the embassy were described as Islamist students and militants.

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Islah Jad

Islah Jad is a Palestinian academic and co-founder of an NGO whose credit card donation facilities were cut off after being flagged for links to a designated terrorist organization. In 2020 the opening said the NGOs “had links to a designated terrorist organisation, namely the Popular Front for the [Liberation of Palestine].” Today’s opening carries no mention of this; the word terror does not appear anywhere in the article. A reader today learns that Jad co-founded an NGO whose funding was cut, and not that the reason given was its links to a designated terrorist organization.

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Islam in Bangladesh

This article surveys Islam’s role in Bangladesh, including its political dimension. In 2010 the opening said “in recent years there has been an increase in Islamism among some political parties.” Today’s opening is a navigation template of major figures, communities and organizations, and does not carry this observation; islamist survives once elsewhere in the article. A reader today does not learn, from the opening, that Islamism has been rising among Bangladeshi political parties.

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Islamic Center of Washington

The Islamic Center of Washington was the site of the 1977 Hanafi Siege, in which armed gunmen took hostages in Washington, D.C. In 2010 the opening named the “Hanafi Siege” and said “Muslim gunmen holding hostages made several demands,” including that a film be destroyed. Today’s opening covers only the mosque’s 1957 opening and its size; hostage survives twice elsewhere in the article. A reader today does not learn that gunmen took hostages at the center in 1977 or that the standoff is known as the Hanafi Siege.

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Islamic State

The Islamic State is the jihadist group that seized territory in Iraq and Syria and is designated a terrorist organization by the United Nations and other governments. Through the October 2023 snapshot the opening said IS “is a transnational militant Islamist terrorist group” and that it was “Designated a terrorist organisation by the United Nations and others.” Today’s opening calls it a “transnational Salafi jihadist militant organisation and unrecognised quasi-state” and drops the sentence naming the UN designation; islamist survives 32 times elsewhere in the article. A reader today does not learn, from the opening, that the United Nations and other governments have formally designated the Islamic State a terrorist organization.

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Islamic Supreme Council of America

The Islamic Supreme Council of America describes itself as promoting moral education, but earlier Wikipedia versions described it as controversial and engaged in opposing violent Islamist groups. In 2005 the opening said ISCA “is a controversial Muslim…” organization whose “leadership has been working to expose and fight against fundamentalist and violent Islamist groups.” Today’s opening calls it simply “a Muslim religious organization” and drops the word controversial; islamist survives once elsewhere in the article. A reader today does not learn that ISCA was once described as controversial or that it positioned itself against fundamentalist and violent Islamist groups.

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Islamism

Islamism is the political ideology holding that Islam should shape state systems. In 2005 the opening said “Some Islamist groups have been implicated in terrorism and have become targets in the War on Terrorism.” Today’s opening is a general definitional paragraph with no mention of terrorism; terror survives 28 times elsewhere in the article. A reader today does not learn, from the opening, that some Islamist groups have been implicated in terrorism.

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Israel lobby in the United Kingdom

This article covers groups seeking to influence UK foreign policy in favor of Israel. The October 2023 opening said the concept “may be inspired by, or give rise to, prejudice against Jews, by possible parallels to antisemitic canards such as world domination, controlling the media and dual loyalty.” Today’s opening describes only what the lobby is and does, without this caveat; antisemitism survives 16 times elsewhere in the article. A reader today does not learn, from the opening, that the term “Israel lobby” has been linked to antisemitic conspiracy tropes.

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Israel Schwartz

Israel Schwartz was a witness to a Jack the Ripper murder who reported the attacker shouting an antisemitic slur. Through 2015 the opening said the attacker “called out the name ‘Lipski’ — apparently an Anti-Semitic insult related to Israel Lipski’s murder of a woman the year before,” suggesting the attacker was “an anti-Jewish gentile.” Today’s opening is a Whitechapel-murders navigation template with no prose describing this; antisemitism survives elsewhere in the article. A reader today does not learn, from the opening, that a witness reported the attacker using an antisemitic insult.

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Israeli apartheid

“Israeli apartheid” is a contested political characterization of Israeli policy in the occupied territories. In 2010 the opening noted Israeli officials describe the West Bank barrier as “a security fence, limiting the ability of Palestinian terrorist organizations to enter Israel,” and cited Gerald Steinberg calling the apartheid label itself “the embodiment of the new antisemitism.” Today’s opening states in Wikipedia’s own voice that “Israeli apartheid is a system of institutionalized segregation and discrimination,” with no such counter-framing; terror survives 4 times elsewhere in the article. A reader today learns Wikipedia’s own characterization of Israeli policy as apartheid, and not that Israel names Palestinian terrorist organizations as the barrier’s rationale or that critics have called the apartheid label itself a form of antisemitism.

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Jacob Sternberg

Jacob Sternberg (Yankev Shternberg) was a Yiddish theater director and poet whose career was shaped by antisemitic violence in interwar Romania. The opening said “In 1917, in response to antisemitic violence at that time in Romania and elsewhere in Eastern Europe, he staged passages from Bialik.” Today’s opening describes him only as a Yiddish theater director, teacher, playwright and poet, with no mention of this; antisemitism survives 3 times elsewhere in the article. A reader today does not learn that Sternberg’s 1917 staging was a response to antisemitic violence in Romania and Eastern Europe.

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Jalalabad prison break

The Jalalabad prison attack was a 2020 assault on a prison in Afghanistan carried out by the Islamic State - Khorasan Province. The October 2023 short description tagged the article “Terrorist attack by ISKP.” Today’s short description reads “August 2020 operation by ISIS-K”; terror survives twice elsewhere in the article. A reader today does not learn, from the article’s own description tag, that this was a terrorist attack rather than a generic operation.

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James Parkes (priest)

James Parkes was an Anglican clergyman who confronted antisemitism in interwar Europe and survived an assassination attempt for speaking out against Nazism. In 2010 the opening said he was “drawn to his task by first-hand exposure to the brutality of antisemitism on the continent” and that he “grew aware of the brutality of antisemitism and very early on spoke out about Nazism, surviving an assassination attempt in 1935.” Today’s opening describes him only as a clergyman, soldier, historian and activist who published The Jew and His Neighbour; antisemitism does not appear in the opening. A reader today does not learn that Parkes’s work was driven by direct exposure to antisemitism or that he survived an assassination attempt after speaking out against Nazism.

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Jenin

Jenin is a West Bank city where the 2002 battle produced allegations, later disputed, that the IDF committed war crimes. In 2005 the opening said “Serious allegations of war crimes have also been levelled against the IDF,” and that “Others deny these charges, and angrily deny that war crimes were committed.” Today’s opening covers the city’s history and population, with no mention of the war crimes allegations or their denial; the phrase does not appear anywhere in the article. A reader today does not learn that the 2002 fighting in Jenin produced war crimes allegations against the IDF or that those allegations were disputed.

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Jerusalem Talmud

The Jerusalem Talmud is a rabbinic text compiled in Byzantine Palestine, in a period of documented persecution of Jews. In 2005 the opening said “the Byzantines Christians wanted and encouraged more Anti-Semitism,” describing “her anti-Semitic view which resulted in the destruction of synagogues and places of learning.” Today’s opening covers the text’s origin and naming, with no mention of this persecution; the word does not appear anywhere in the article. A reader today does not learn that Byzantine Christian antisemitism, including the destruction of synagogues, is part of the historical setting in which the Jerusalem Talmud was compiled.

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Jewish American literature

This article surveys Jewish American literature and the themes it addresses. In 2010 the opening said modern Jewish American novels “address issues and themes of importance to Jewish American society such as assimilation, Zionism/Israel, and Anti-Semitism, along with the recent phenomenon known as ‘New Anti-Semitism.’” Today’s opening describes the literature’s place in U.S. literary history without naming antisemitism as a theme; antisemitism survives 6 times elsewhere in the article. A reader today does not learn, from the opening, that antisemitism and “New Anti-Semitism” are named themes of Jewish American literature.

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John Chrysostom

John Chrysostom is a Church Father whose surviving sermons against Judaizing Christians are cited for their role in the development of Christian antisemitism. Through at least 2015 the opening noted that eight of these sermons remain controversial for their impact on the development of Christian antisemitism. Today the opening does not mention antisemitism at all, though the word survives eight times in the body. A reader arriving now does not learn from the opening that his sermons are tied by the article itself to the development of Christian antisemitism.

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Jonathan Rosenblatt

Jonathan Rosenblatt is an American Modern Orthodox rabbi whose brother-in-law, Moshe Twersky, was murdered in a synagogue attack in Jerusalem. Through 2015 the opening stated that Twersky “was murdered by Palestinian terrorists in a synagogue in Jerusalem.” Today’s opening does not mention the murder at all, though terror survives once elsewhere in the article. A reader arriving now does not learn that Rosenblatt’s brother-in-law was killed by Palestinian terrorists in a synagogue.

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Kanal 7

Kanal 7 is a Turkish television channel with documented links to Islamist political parties, including the ruling Justice and Development Party. Through 2015 the opening stated, “It is an Islamic/Islamist channel with links to Islamist parties including the current Justice and Development Party.” Today’s opening calls it only “a Turkish Free-to-air nationwide Islamic TV channel,” and the word islamist appears nowhere in the article. A reader arriving now does not learn that the channel has documented ties to Islamist political parties, including Turkey’s ruling party.

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Karni crossing

Karni Crossing was a Gaza-Israel cargo terminal repeatedly attacked by Palestinian militants during the Second Intifada, including for smuggling a suicide bomber into an attack that killed ten people. Through 2010 the opening stated the terminal “was attack[ed] a number of times by Palestinian militants,” who were also alleged to have used it “to smuggle suicide bombers and explosive belts into Israel,” citing the Ashdod seaport bombing that killed 10 people. Today’s opening describes the crossing only in commercial and logistical terms, with militant surviving twice elsewhere in the article, not the opening. A reader arriving now does not learn that the crossing was repeatedly attacked by Palestinian militants or used to smuggle a suicide bomber into an attack that killed ten people.

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Kfar Yavetz

Kfar Yavetz is an Israeli moshav where a resident, Afari, a mother of eight, was killed in a bombing carried out by Islamic Jihad. Through 2015 the opening stated, “The terrorist slipped into the house unnoticed and detonated a bomb he was carrying in a bag,” describing a bombing carried out by Islamic Jihad. Today’s opening lists only the moshav’s location and population, with terror surviving three times elsewhere in the article, not the opening. A reader arriving now does not learn that a resident of Kfar Yavetz was killed in a terrorist bombing carried out by Islamic Jihad.

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Khader Adnan

Khader Adnan was a Palestinian Islamic Jihad spokesman who died in 2023 after an 87-day hunger strike; the Palestinian Islamic Jihad is designated a terrorist organization by a number of Western governments and by Israel. Through 2015 the opening stated, “The PIJ is designated a terrorist group by a number of Western countries and Israel, and Adnan has been convicted in the past by Israel for being a spokesperson for the group.” Today’s opening calls the PIJ only “a group that militantly opposes Israel,” with terror surviving once elsewhere in the article, not the opening. A reader arriving now does not learn that a number of Western governments and Israel formally designate the Palestinian Islamic Jihad a terrorist organization.

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Khilafat Movement

The Khilafat movement was a campaign by Indian Muslims explicitly described, in its own subtitle, as a pan-Islamist protest movement aimed at restoring the caliphate. Through 2020 the opening called it “a pan-Islamist political protest campaign launched by Muslims of British India… to restore the calip[hate].” Today’s opening calls it only “a political campaign launched by Indian Muslims… over British policy against Turkey,” with islamist surviving twice elsewhere in the article, not the opening. A reader arriving now does not learn that the movement described its own aim as pan-Islamist and directed at restoring the caliphate.

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Kurdistan Brigades

The Kurdistan Brigades, al-Qaeda’s official Kurdish branch, was designated a terrorist organization by the US State Department in 2012. Through 2020 the opening stated, “The group was classified as a terrorist organization by the US State Department on January 1, 2012.” Today’s opening describes it only as a “militant Islamist organization” and the official Kurdish branch of al-Qaeda, with terror surviving four times elsewhere in the article, not the opening. A reader arriving now does not learn that the US State Department formally designated the group a terrorist organization.

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Leon Pinsker

Leon Pinsker was a Zionist activist who grew disillusioned that enlightenment alone could defeat antisemitism and who coined his own term, Judeophobia, for it. Through 2010 the opening stated that “Pinsker’s views changed radically, and he no longer believed that mere humanism and enlightenment would defeat anti-Semitism,” and that he “preferred medical term ‘Judeophobia’ to a recently introduced misnomer ‘anti-Semitism’.” Today’s opening describes the Odessa pogroms and his founding of Hibbat Zion but never uses the word antisemitism, which survives three times elsewhere in the article, not the opening. A reader arriving now does not learn that Pinsker explicitly abandoned his belief that enlightenment could defeat antisemitism or that he coined his own term for it.

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List of LGBTQ Jews

The List of LGBTQ Jews explained its own rationale by stating that antisemitic and homophobic stereotypes both drew on constructed notions of the Jew and the homosexual. Through October 6, 2023 the opening stated, “This crossover also extends to the modern discourses of antisemitism and homophobia, with stereotypes of the Jew frequently underwriting pop cultural and scientific notions of the homosexual.” Today the opening no longer contains this sentence, and antisemitism appears nowhere in the article, down from twice as recently as October 6, 2023. A reader arriving now does not learn that the list’s own stated rationale connected antisemitic stereotypes of the Jew to stereotypes of the homosexual.

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Mahmoud Mohammad Issa Mohammad

Mahmoud Mohammad Issa Mohammad is a former PFLP member convicted for an attack that killed a man, whom press coverage for decades called a terrorist. Through 2010 the opening cited headlines calling him a “terrorist” and stated that “when his militant history was discovered in December 1988,” Canadian authorities began deportation proceedings. Today’s opening never calls him a terrorist, describing him only as a “former member of the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine who took part in an attack that killed a man,” though the word survives 27 times elsewhere in the article. A reader arriving now does not learn from the opening that he was widely described as a convicted terrorist.

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Masada2000

Masada2000 was a pro-Israel, Kahanist website whose target list of perceived “self-hating” Jews was described by critics as antisemitism itself. Through 2010 the opening quoted a source describing the list, when aimed at Jews, as “antisemitism itself, the real shit… undisguised and unambiguous,” under the heading “Antisemitism without bounds.” Today’s opening describes the site only as “extreme pro-Israel, anti-Palestinian” and “radical-Zionist,” with antisemitism surviving three times elsewhere in the article, not the opening. A reader arriving now does not learn that critics described the site’s target list of Jews as antisemitism itself.

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Mast Gul

Mast Gul is a Pakistani figure best known for the 1995 Charar-e-Sharief siege in Indian-administered Kashmir, formerly of the militant group Hizbul Mujahideen. Through October 6, 2023 the opening called him “a Pakistani terrorist operating in Indian administered state Jammu and Kashmir during 1995.” Today’s opening calls him only “a Pakistani militant,” with terrorist surviving once elsewhere in the article, not the opening. A reader arriving now does not learn that the opening once called him a terrorist rather than merely a militant.

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Maulvi Nazir

Maulvi Nazir was a Pakistani Taliban commander who openly supported Mullah Omar and Osama bin Laden and, as reported, waged jihad in Afghanistan. Through 2020 the opening stated that “Nazir openly supports Mullah Omar and Osama bin Laden, and wages jihad in Afghanistan.” Today’s opening describes him only as “a prominent commander of the Pakistani Taliban,” with jihad surviving twice elsewhere in the article, not the opening. A reader arriving now does not learn that he openly supported Osama bin Laden or that his activity was described as waging jihad.

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Mohamed Habib Marzouki

Mohamed Habib Marzouki is a Tunisian philosopher elected in 2011 to Tunisia’s Constituent Assembly. Through 2015 the opening said he was elected as a representative of the Islamist party Ennahda for the district of Tunis. Today’s opening never says this, though the word survives three times in the body. A reader today does not learn that the party he represented in the Constituent Assembly was described as Islamist.

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Mohammad Baqir al-Hakim

Mohammad Baqir al-Hakim was an Iraqi Shia cleric who led the Supreme Council for Islamic Revolution in Iraq. The 2005 opening said he had co-founded the modern Islamist political movement in Iraq in the 1960s. Today’s opening omits this founding role entirely, though the word survives once in the body. A reader today does not learn that al-Hakim personally co-founded Iraq’s modern Islamist political movement.

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Moro Islamic Liberation Front

The Moro Islamic Liberation Front is a group in Mindanao, Philippines that sought Moro autonomy. The 2005 opening said the group “took part in terrorist attacks and assassinations to promote their ideas,” and separately noted it denied ties to a “terrorist group.” Today’s opening describes MILF only as an Islamist group that sought an autonomous region, with no mention of terrorist attacks, though the word survives nine times in the body. A reader today does not learn from the opening that MILF was described as carrying out terrorist attacks and assassinations.

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Moses S. Margolies

Moses S. Margolies was an Orthodox rabbi in Manhattan who in 1933 addressed 20,000 people at Madison Square Garden as part of the Anti-Nazi Boycott. Through 2023 the opening said he prayed that “the antisemitic persecution cease and that the hearts of Israel’s enemies should be softened.” Today’s opening says nothing about the 1933 rally or antisemitism at all, though the word survives twice in the body. A reader today does not learn that Margolies led a 20,000-person protest against Nazi persecution of Jews.

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Muhammad al-Qiq

Muhammad al-Qiq is a Palestinian journalist known for hunger strikes while held in Israeli administrative detention. Through 2020 the opening quoted the Associated Press reporting that “Israel’s Shin Bet security service says al-Qeq is involved in terrorism activities linked to the militant Hamas movement.” Today’s opening describes him only as a journalist and hunger striker, with no mention of the Shin Bet allegation, though the word survives once in the body. A reader today does not learn that Israeli security services said al-Qiq was tied to Hamas terror activity.

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Muhammad Sa’id al-Ashmawi

Muhammad Sa’id al-Ashmawi was an Egyptian Supreme Court justice and prominent secularist critic of political Islam. Through 2010 the opening said he lived under guard “due to death threats from Egyptian militants,” and described his debates with Islamists like Khomeini and Qutb over the meaning of sharia. Today’s opening drops both the threats and the debate, calling him only “one of the most influential liberal Islamic thinkers today,” though the word survives five times in the body. A reader today does not learn that Ashmawi faced death threats from Egyptian militants for opposing political Islam.

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Muharram

Muharram is the first month of the Islamic calendar and includes Ashura, the Shia mourning of Husayn ibn Ali’s death at Karbala. Through 2020 the opening said Shia Muslims “mourn the martyrdom of Ḥusayn ibn ʿAlī and his family, honouring the martyrs by prayer and abstinence from joyous events.” Today’s opening says Shia Muslims “commemorate the death of Husayn ibn Ali,” who “was killed,” without the word, though it survives four times in the body. A reader today does not learn that Shia tradition itself calls Husayn’s death a martyrdom.

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Murder of Reuven Shmerling

Reuven Shmerling, a 70-year-old Jewish man from Elkana, was stabbed and bludgeoned to death in Kfar Qasim in October 2017. Through 2020 the opening called it “a terrorist attack carried out by two young Pales[tinian men],” and described a related killing as carried out by “a group of three armed terrorists.” Today’s opening calls it only “an attack,” and the killers of the policewoman are simply “three” men who “killed” her, though the word survives seventeen times in the body. A reader today does not learn from the opening that Wikipedia’s own snapshot once called Shmerling’s killing a terrorist attack.

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Nahal Brigade

The Nahal Brigade is an IDF infantry brigade that has served since 1982. Through 2015 the opening said it was “tasked with regular patrol and observation operations on the borders, counter-terrorist operations and riot control in the West Bank.” Today’s opening says only that it “operated in all major wars and large-scale operations” during the Lebanon wars and Intifadas, with no mention of counter-terrorism, though the word survives six times in the body. A reader today does not learn from the opening that the brigade’s stated mission included counter-terrorist operations.

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Nahliel

Nahliel is a Haredi Israeli settlement in the West Bank. Through 2015 the opening said “During the Al-Aqsa Intifada, 2 Israeli women were ambushed and wounded by Palestinian militants near Nahliel.” Today’s opening says nothing about this attack, describing only the settlement’s population and jurisdiction, though the word survives twice in the body. A reader today does not learn from the opening that two Israeli women were ambushed and wounded by Palestinian militants near Nahliel.

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Operation Hiram

Operation Hiram was a 1948 IDF operation that captured the Upper Galilee. Through 2005 the opening said brigades involved in the operation “committed the Safsaf massacre, in which 70 blindfolded men were executed and 3 girls raped,” and that Israeli forces at Hula “executed the remaining children, young persons, older and disabled persons in a savage massacre.” Today’s opening describes the operation only by belligerents, commanders and casualty counts, with no mention of Safsaf or Hula, though the word survives seven times in the body. A reader today does not learn from the opening that IDF brigades were reported to have massacred prisoners and villagers during the operation.

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Operation Hot Winter

Operation Hot Winter was a February 2008 Israeli offensive in Gaza launched in response to Hamas rocket fire. Through 2020 the opening reported “At least 112 Palestinian militants and three Israelis were killed.” Today’s opening reports “At least 112 Palestinians, along with three Israelis, were killed,” dropping the word describing who those 112 were, though it survives fourteen times in the body. A reader today does not learn from the opening that the count of 112 Palestinian dead was originally specified as militants, not unqualified civilians.

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Otniel

Otniel is an Israeli settlement south of Hebron, home to a yeshiva. Through 2010 the opening said “Students of Otniel yeshiva were victims of a terror attack in 2003, taking the lives of four boys,” and noted a second, later terror attack that killed a teacher. Today’s opening makes no mention of either attack, describing Otniel only by geography, population and its educational institutions, though the word survives twice in the body. A reader today does not learn from the opening that four boys were killed in a terrorist attack at the settlement’s yeshiva.

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Otto Weininger

Otto Weininger was an Austrian philosopher whose 1903 book Sex and Character is viewed by academics as antisemitic. Through 2015 the opening said “Today, Weininger is viewed as misogynistic and antisemitic by many in academic circles, but was held to be a great genius by” Wittgenstein and Strindberg. Today’s opening describes only his influence on other writers, with no mention of this academic characterization, though the word survives six times in the body. A reader today does not learn from the opening that academic circles view Weininger’s work as antisemitic.

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Pierre Rehov

Pierre Rehov is a French-Israeli documentary filmmaker known for films on the Arab-Israeli conflict, its media treatment, and terrorism. Through 2015 the opening said he recalled that Jews in Algeria had been suffering Muslim antisemitism for decades, and that he left France in 2008 over what he called a growing climate of antisemitism in France. Today’s opening carries neither fact, though antisemitism survives 3 times in the article. A reader today learns what Rehov’s films are about and not the antisemitism he said drove him to make them.

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Popular Front of India

The Popular Front of India is a banned Islamist political organization in India, outlawed under the country’s anti-terrorism law in 2022. Through 2020 the opening described it as “an extremist and militant Islamic fundamentalist organisation” facing allegations of “connections with various Islamic terrorist groups… and Love Jihad.” Today’s opening calls it only an “Islamist political organisation” engaged in “a radical and exclusivist style of Muslim minority politics,” with jihad surviving 9 times in the body. A reader today learns PFI’s own self-description and not the extremist-and-terrorist-linked characterization the article once carried.

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Popular Resistance Committees

The Popular Resistance Committees is a Palestinian militant coalition in Gaza that specializes in roadside bombs and attacks on military and civilian convoys. Through 2005 the opening called it “a Palestinian militant network… regarded as terrorist organizations by Israel and the United States.” Today’s opening describes the PRC only as a coalition opposed to the “conciliatory approach” of the Palestinian Authority and Fatah, with militant surviving 9 times in the body but the US and Israeli terrorist designation gone from the opening. A reader today learns the PRC’s own account of its aims and not that Israel and the United States designate it a terrorist organization.

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Prevention of Infiltration Law

The Prevention of Infiltration Law is a 1954 Israeli law targeting the entry of Palestinian fedayeen into Israel. Through 2015 the opening said the law allowed expulsion “for fear of terrorism.” Today’s opening says only that it aimed “to prevent the entry of Palestinian fedayeen… and allows for their expulsion,” terror appearing once in the body but not in this clause. A reader today does not learn that the law’s own stated purpose, per the article’s earlier opening, was fear of terrorism.

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Quds News Network

Quds News Network is a Palestinian media outlet whose 2023 opening described it as “an independent Hamas- and Palestinian Islamic Jihad-affiliated Palestinian news agency.” Today’s opening calls it “a Palestinian youth news agency” known for its social media reach, with no mention of Hamas or Islamic Jihad, though jihad survives twice in the body. A reader today learns that QNN gained a following on social media and not that the article once described it as affiliated with Hamas and Islamic Jihad.

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Reuben Joshua Poupko

Reuben Joshua Poupko is a Canadian-American Orthodox rabbi active in Montreal’s Jewish community. Through 2020 the opening said he “has been involved in trying to stop antisemitic attacks against Jews in Venezuela,” citing “state sponsored antisemitism alive and well in Venezuela.” The word antisemitism appears nowhere in the article today. A reader today learns about Poupko’s film credits and synagogue role and not that he worked against state-sponsored antisemitism targeting Venezuelan Jews.

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Saajid Badat

Saajid Badat was sentenced to 13 years for plotting to blow up an aircraft with a shoe bomb, a co-conspirator of shoe bomber Richard Reid. Through 2020 the opening called him “British Islamist terrorist Saajid Muhammad Badat,” repeating the phrase twice. Today’s opening calls him only “a British terrorist,” with Islamist surviving once in the body. A reader today learns that Badat is a terrorist and not that his terrorism was specifically Islamist.

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Safavid order

The Safavid order was a Sufi order that gave rise to the Safavid dynasty. Through 2015 the opening said the Safaviyya “changed in character and became militant… launching jihads against the Christians of Georgia.” Today’s opening says only that its leaders “wanted political power as well as religious authority,” with jihad surviving once in the body. A reader today does not learn that the order’s militarization took the specific form of jihad campaigns against Georgian Christians.

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Salafi–Sufi relations

This article covers the relationship between Salafism and Sufism, two major schools of thought in Sunni Islam. Through 2015 the opening said Salafism “in the Western world… is often associated with the Salafist jihadism which espouse violent jihad against civilians as a legitimate expression of Islam.” Today’s opening describes Salafism only as a literalist approach to Qur’an and hadith, with jihad surviving 24 times in the body. A reader today does not learn that the opening once named Salafist jihadism’s own claim that violence against civilians is a legitimate expression of Islam.

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Sayeret Matkal

Sayeret Matkal is Israel’s elite special-forces reconnaissance unit, famous for the 1976 Operation Entebbe hostage rescue. Through 2005 the opening described the unit as having rescued “more than 100 Air France airline passengers hijacked to Uganda by PLO terrorists.” Today’s opening credits the unit generally with counterterrorism among its roles, but the description of the Entebbe hijackers as PLO terrorists is gone, though terror survives 12 times in the body. A reader today does not learn that the hijackers who forced the Entebbe rescue were identified as PLO terrorists.

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Schoenau ultimatum

The Schoenau ultimatum was a 1973 hostage-taking of Soviet Jewish emigrants transiting Austria. Through 2015 the opening called it “a terrorist hostage-taking incident in Marchegg, Austria by the terrorist group As-Sa’iqa.” Today’s opening calls it “a hostage-taking incident… by the Palestinian militant group As-Sa’iqa,” terror surviving 3 times in the body. A reader today learns As-Sa’iqa as a militant group and not that the article once called both the incident and the group terrorist.

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Sharm El Sheikh Memorandum

The Sharm El Sheikh Memorandum is a 1999 agreement between Israel and the PLO. Through 2010 the opening said both sides “affirmed they would act swiftly against any threat or act of terrorism, violence or incitement, whether committed by Palestinians or Israelis.” Today’s opening lists the memorandum’s negotiating topics with no mention of this commitment, though terror survives twice in the body. A reader today does not learn that the memorandum itself committed both sides to act against terrorism.

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Shia Islamism

This article covers political Islam within Twelver Shia Islam. The October 2023 opening said Shi’i Islamism had introduced “the ‘cult of martyrdom’ in suicide bombing/attacks… against Israeli forces in Lebanon by Shia Hezbollah.” Today’s opening covers Khomeini and the Iranian Revolution with no mention of the martyrdom cult or suicide bombings against Israeli forces, though martyr survives 18 times in the body. A reader today does not learn that the opening once credited Shia Islamism with introducing suicide bombing against Israeli forces in Lebanon.

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Shmuel Cohen

Shmuel Cohen composed the music for Israel’s national anthem, “Hatikvah.” Through 2020 the opening said he “emigrated to Ottoman Palestine in 1887,” driven by “a rising tide of Russian state-sponsored antisemitism and terrorism (pogroms).” Today’s opening states only that he was a “Bessarabian-born Jewish musician,” with no mention of the pogroms, though antisemitism survives twice in the body. A reader today does not learn that Cohen left Russia because of state-sponsored antisemitic persecution.

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Silco incident

A Belgian-French family kidnapped from their yacht in the Mediterranean in 1985, held by Palestinian terrorists and the Libyan government. Through 2015 the opening said the family was taken “by Palestinian terrorists and the Libyan government.” Today the opening names only “the Libyan government,” though terror survives four times in the body. A reader arriving now learns the Libyan government carried out the kidnapping and not that Palestinian terrorists did too.

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Snow White and the Madness of Truth

An art installation shown in Stockholm in 2004 carrying a portrait of Hanadi Jaradat, a Palestinian suicide bomber who killed 21 Jewish and Arab Israelis and injured 51 more, an installation Israel’s ambassador called antisemitic. Through 2015 the opening carried the dispute over that charge, including a claim it was not truly “an anti-Semitic installation.” Today the opening describes the artwork and the bombing it depicts but says nothing about the antisemitism controversy at all, though the word survives three times in the body. A reader arriving now learns what the installation showed and not that it was condemned as antisemitic or that the charge itself became a controversy.

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Souhaila Andrawes

A PFLP member who took part in the 1977 hijacking of Lufthansa Flight 181. Through 2015 the opening called her “a Palestinian former terrorist and member of the PFLP.” Today the opening calls her only “a former militant and Lebanese member of the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine,” though terrorist survives four times in the body. A reader arriving now learns she was a militant and not what Wikipedia itself once called her.

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Special Night Squads

A British-Jewish counter-insurgency unit that trained future Israeli commanders Yigal Allon and Moshe Dayan while fighting Arab attacks on the Iraq Petroleum Company pipeline during the 1936-1939 Arab revolt. Through 2010 the opening said the unit’s success “brought a decline in terrorist activity in the area.” Today the opening says nothing about terrorist activity at all, though the word survives three times in the body. A reader arriving now learns the unit fought a revolt and not that Wikipedia once called the pipeline attackers terrorists.

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Stanisław Musiał

A Polish Jesuit priest remembered as a leading Catholic voice against antisemitism and for Catholic-Jewish reconciliation. Through 2020 the opening said he wrote on “Anti-Semitism, Catholic-Jewish relations, and issues between Poland and world Jewry” and was “intensely devoted to combating Anti-Semitism and Xenophobia.” Today the opening calls him only a “leader of Catholic-Jewish dialogue and Polish-Jewish reconciliation,” with antisemitism dropped, though it survives three times in the body. A reader arriving now learns he worked toward reconciliation and not that he is specifically remembered for combating antisemitism.

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Stephen Samuel Wise

An American Reform rabbi and Zionist leader whose caution during the Holocaust has been examined by historians. The 2005 opening said his mistakes “probably stemmed from a desire to not fan the flames of anti-Semitism by drawing undue attention to the sufferings of the Jewish people in Europe under Nazi rule.” Today the opening does not mention antisemitism at all, and the word survives only once in the whole article. A reader arriving now learns he was a founding member of the NAACP and not why his response to the Holocaust has been criticized.

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Steven Salaita

A scholar whose job offer at the University of Illinois was withdrawn after tweets about the 2014 Gaza war. Through 2015 the opening said his tweets were viewed by some as criticism of Israel “and as crossing the line into antisemitism by others.” Today the opening says only that his tweets were “critical of Israel’s bombardment of Gaza,” with antisemitism dropped, though the word survives seven times in the body. A reader arriving now learns his tweets criticized Israel and not that some viewed them as antisemitic.

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Taj El-Din Hilaly

An Egyptian-Australian imam who styled himself Grand Mufti of Australia. The 2005 opening said that outside Australia “he has made statements in support of those who carried out the September 11 terrorist attacks,” though he denied supporting terrorism when asked. Today the opening drops the September 11 statements entirely, saying only that he “promoted Islamic extremism on many occasions,” though the word survives three times in the body. A reader arriving now learns he promoted extremism in general and not that he specifically praised the September 11 attackers.

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Tali Fahima

An Israeli activist convicted for her contacts with Zakaria Zubeidi, described in the opening as Jenin chief of the Al-Aqsa Martyrs’ Brigades. Through 2020 the opening described Zubeidi’s own “transformation from peace activist to wanted terrorist.” Today the opening calls him only “Jenin chief of the Al-Aqsa Martyrs’ Brigades, an armed faction close to Fatah,” with terrorist dropped, though the word survives twice in the body. A reader arriving now learns Zubeidi led an armed faction and not that Wikipedia itself once called him a wanted terrorist.

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Tarek Fatah

A Pakistani-Canadian journalist known in part for confronting antisemitism among Muslims. The 2010 opening said his second book, “The Jew Is Not My Enemy: Unveiling the Myths that Fuel Muslim Anti-Semitism,” would be published that October. Today the opening does not mention this book, or any of his books, at all, though the word survives four times in the body. A reader arriving now learns almost nothing of his career and not that he wrote a book specifically confronting antisemitism among Muslims.

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Ted Honderich

A Canadian-British philosopher whose 2002 book examined the morality of terrorism after the September 11 attacks. The 2005 opening said he “has been involved in controversy since the publication of his book After the Terror in 2002 in which Honderich asks why the events of September 11th were wrong.” Today the opening makes no mention of the book or the controversy at all, though the word survives 24 times in the body. A reader arriving now learns only his academic titles and not the controversial argument for which he became known.

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The Investigative Project on Terrorism

A research group founded by Steven Emerson in 1995, following his 1994 documentary “Terrorists Among Us: Jihad in America,” which aired before the September 11 attacks. Through 2020 the opening named that founding documentary. Today the opening drops the documentary’s name and states instead that the organization “has been called a prominent part of the ‘Islamophobia network’… and a ‘leading source of anti-Muslim racism,’” though jihad survives five times in the body. A reader arriving now learns how critics characterize the organization and not the documentary that led to its founding.

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Timeline of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict in 2001

Wikipedia’s own list of attacks against Israel in 2001. Through 2005 the opening titled itself “Terrorism against Israel in 2001” and described the excluded incidents as those that “failed to murder, maim, or wound.” Today the opening drops the “Terrorism against Israel” title entirely and softens murder to kill, while adding that “no Palestinian deaths are recorded,” though terror survives 12 times in the body. A reader arriving now learns this is a list of attacks on Israelis and not that Wikipedia itself once titled it a record of terrorism against Israel.

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Tom Gross

A British journalist and human rights campaigner who has interviewed victims of Islamist terrorism on stage. The 2015 opening said he conducted on-stage interviews “including with a French hostage kidnapped by Islamic State in Syria and a Nigerian schoolgirl kidnapped by Boko Haram in Nigeria.” Today the opening makes no mention of either interview, and the word survives only once in the article. A reader arriving now learns nothing of these interviews and not that Gross specifically interviewed a hostage of the Islamic State.

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TWA Flight 841 (1974)

A 1974 bombing of a flight from Tel Aviv to New York that killed everyone aboard when a bomb hidden in the cargo hold detonated. The 2010 opening said “suspicion has fallen on Abu Nidal and his terror organization.” Today the opening names no suspect or organization at all, saying only that the plane “had been destroyed by a bomb hidden in the cargo hold,” though terror survives eight times in the body. A reader arriving now learns a bomb caused the crash and not who Wikipedia itself once named as the suspected bomber.

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UN Watch

A Geneva-based NGO whose stated mission includes monitoring antisemitism at the United Nations. Through October 6 2023 the opening said UN Watch is “frequently critical of anti-Israel and antisemitic sentiment at the UN and UN-sponsored events.” Today the opening says only that UN Watch “denounces what it views as anti-Israel sentiment,” with antisemitic dropped, though the word survives three times in the body. A reader arriving now learns the group monitors anti-Israel sentiment and not that its stated mission names antisemitism specifically.

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University of Islamic Studies

A Muslim religious university in Karachi, Pakistan, whose students have been investigated over alleged terrorism ties. Through 2020 the opening said “some of the students at the university have been accused of ties to terrorism,” citing Amnesty International’s account of two students detained by Pakistani authorities on suspicion of terrorism ties. Today the opening is two sentences about the university’s 1987 founding, with no mention of terrorism at all, though the word survives five times in the body. A reader arriving now learns only when the university was founded and not that its students were investigated over terrorism ties.

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Uri Blau

An Israeli investigative journalist whose most notable Haaretz story exposed an IDF targeted killing. The 2010 opening said his story reported that “the targeted killing of one of two Islamic Jihad militants killed in Jenin in June 2007 had violated a prior ruling of the Supreme Court of Israel.” Today the opening drops that story entirely, describing Blau only through his later conviction for possessing classified IDF documents, though the word survives once in the article. A reader arriving now learns of his conviction and not of the investigative story that made him notable.

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Victor Basch

A French Jewish politician and human rights campaigner murdered in 1944. Through 2020 the opening said that “as a Jew and a Dreyfusard, Basch was subjected to persecution at the hands of the fanatical anti-Semitic populace,” and that he was later assassinated by members of the antisemitic Vichy French Milice. Today the opening ends with his human-rights and anti-Nazi work, mentioning neither the persecution nor his 1944 assassination, though the word survives twice in the body. A reader arriving now learns he opposed Nazism and not that he was murdered by an antisemitic Vichy militia.

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West Ham Jewish Cemetery

A Jewish cemetery in West Ham, London, established in 1856. The 2010 opening said that in 2005 “a number of monuments were destroyed and graves violated in what the police described as ‘a despicable racist attack’ by anti-Semitic vandals.” Today the opening makes no mention of the 2005 attack at all, listing only the cemetery’s founding and notable burials, though the word survives three times in the body. A reader arriving now learns who is buried there and not that police called a 2005 attack on the graves a despicable racist crime.

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Yisrael Ariel

Yisrael Ariel was an Israeli rabbi, founder of the Temple Institute, and chief rabbi of the evacuated Sinai settlement of Yamit. Through 2020 the opening said he described Jewish religious terrorism suspects who were banned from entering the West Bank due to vandalism as praiseworthy. Today the opening says nothing of it, though the fact survives four times in the body. A reader arriving now does not learn that this rabbi praised suspects banned for religious terrorism.

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Young Muslims Association

The Young Muslims Association’s Palestine branch was led by Izz al-din Qassam, the preacher whose name Hamas later gave its armed wing. Through 2010 the opening said he built support for the Association by focusing on Greater Jihad, moral uplift and helping the poor, rather than Lesser Jihad which is violence. The word jihad appears nowhere in the article today. A reader today learns nothing of the organization’s relationship to jihad, though its Palestine leader lent his name to Hamas’s military wing.

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Yunis Al Astal

Yunis Al Astal is a Hamas member of the Palestinian Legislative Council and a preacher, one of sixteen people named on a UK list of individuals barred for stirring up hatred. Through 2010 the opening said he was banned for engaging in unacceptable behaviour by seeking to foment, justify or glorify terrorist violence in furtherance of particular beliefs. Today the opening carries neither the ban nor the reason for it, though the word terror survives twice elsewhere in the article. A reader today learns he writes on Islamic law, sociology and politics, and not why the UK government barred him from entering the country.

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ZAKA

ZAKA is the Israeli volunteer network, most of its members Orthodox Jews, that identifies and collects the remains of the dead after disasters, including the October 7, 2023 Hamas-led attack on Israel. Through October 2023 the opening said members aid in the identification of the victims of terrorism, road accidents and other disasters, and that after acts of terrorism, ZAKA volunteers also collect the bodies and body parts of non-Jews, including suicide bombers. Today the opening calls ZAKA a series of voluntary post-disaster response teams, with terrorism surviving six times in the body. A reader today learns ZAKA responds to disaster generically, not that identifying the victims of terrorism was long stated as its core purpose.

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1517 Hebron attacks

The 1517 Hebron attacks targeted the city’s Jewish population during the Ottoman-Mamluk war. Through October 2023 the opening said the massacre targeted the Jewish population of the city and is also referred as pogrom. Today the opening calls it only the attacks, though massacre survives six times in the body. A reader today learns Hebron’s Jews were attacked, not that the event was named a massacre or a pogrom.

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1947 Jerusalem riots

The 1947 Jerusalem riots followed the UN vote for the Partition Plan. Through October 2023 the opening said on December 12, Irgun militants placed a bomb at the Damascus Gate that killed 20 passersby. That sentence is gone from the article entirely, the word militant nowhere left in it. A reader today does not learn that Irgun militants bombed the Damascus Gate and killed 20 passersby.

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1974 Anti-Ahmadiyya riots

The 1974 Anti-Ahmadiyya riots targeted Pakistan’s Ahmadi minority. Through 2020 the opening said Islamist parties and some mainstream parties sided together to persecution of Ahmadis, naming Islamist parties as a driver of the violence. Today the opening describes only governmental actions against the community, with Islamist surviving once in the body. A reader today learns the government acted against Ahmadis, not that Islamist political parties joined in their persecution.

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1979 Nahariya attack

The 1979 Nahariya attack was a raid by four Palestine Liberation Front militants, led by 16-year-old Samir Kuntar, that killed three Israelis including a father and two young children. As of October 2023 the opening’s short description called it a 1979 terrorist attack in Israel. Today the short description reads 1979 militant attack in Israel, with terror surviving 13 times in the body. A reader skimming the description today learns this was a militant attack, not that it was described as a terrorist attack.

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1981 Antwerp synagogue bombing

The 1981 Antwerp synagogue bombing killed three people and wounded 106 outside a Portuguese Jewish synagogue. Through 2010 the opening called it an October 20, 1981 truck bomb terror attack outside a Portuguese Jewish synagogue. Today the opening says only that a truck bomb exploded outside the synagogue, with terror surviving six times elsewhere in the article. A reader today learns a truck bomb exploded at a synagogue, not that it was described as a terror attack.

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1982 kidnapping of Iranian diplomats

Three Iranian diplomats and a journalist were abducted in Lebanon in 1982 and have never been found. Through 2015 the opening carried Israel’s own account, that it believed the diplomats were kidnapped by a Lebanese militant group and executed shortly after their abduction. That account is gone from the opening today, though militant survives once elsewhere in the article, and the opening now states instead that Iranian officials believe the diplomats were handed over to Israel and are still alive and held in Israeli territory. A reader today learns Iran’s unverified claim that Israel holds the diplomats, and not Israel’s own on-record explanation that a Lebanese militant group killed them.

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1982–1983 Tyre headquarters bombings

The Tyre headquarters bombings were two suicide bombings against Israeli military headquarters in Lebanon that killed 104 Israelis, among the worst single losses in IDF history. As of October 2023 the opening’s short description called them a Terrorist attack in Lebanon. Today the short description reads Dual suicide attacks against Israeli troops in Lebanon, and the word terror is nowhere left in the article. A reader today learns these were suicide attacks, not that Wikipedia’s own description once called them terrorist.

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1992 Buenos Aires Israeli embassy bombing

The Israeli embassy in Buenos Aires was bombed in 1992, killing 29 civilians and injuring 242 more. Through 2005 the opening explained the attack came after Israel killed Hezbollah’s leader, calling him “the leader of the Hezbollah militant group.” Today’s opening does not mention Hezbollah, the killing of its leader, or any group at all, and the word “militant” appears nowhere in the article. A reader today does not learn that the bombing followed Israel’s killing of a Hezbollah leader, that a group calling itself Islamic Jihad claimed responsibility, or that Iran was suspected.

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1994 London Israeli embassy bombing

The Israeli embassy in London was car bombed in 1994, eight days after the AMIA bombing in Buenos Aires. Through 2005 the opening said Hezbollah “is blamed by the United Kingdom, Argentina and Israel for the three terrorist attacks carried out against Jewish and Israeli targets.” Today’s opening says only that the bombing injured twenty civilians and that a second bomb exploded outside a Jewish charity’s premises; the word “terror” survives 5 times in the body but not in the opening. A reader today does not learn that three governments blamed Hezbollah for the bombing as an act of terrorism.

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1996 Cairo shooting

A mass shooting outside a Cairo hotel in 1996 killed 18 people, including 17 Greek tourists, and was claimed by Al-Jama’a al-Islamiyya. In 2020, and still as of October 6, 2023, the opening described the perpetrator group as “The Egyptian Sunni jihadist group.” Today’s opening names Al-Jama’a al-Islamiyya as the group claiming responsibility but drops the word “jihadist” entirely; it appears nowhere in the article. A reader today learns which group claimed the attack but not that Wikipedia once described it as a jihadist organization.

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1996 Palestinian general election

Hamas boycotted the Palestinian Authority’s first general election in 1996. Through 2010 the opening described Hamas as “Fatah’s main rival and a group considered a terrorist organization by Israel and most Western governments.” Today’s opening does not mention Hamas at all, and the word “terror” appears nowhere in the article. A reader today does not learn that Hamas is designated a terrorist organization by Israel and most Western governments, or that this was why it boycotted the election.

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2002 Tel Aviv outdoor mall bombing

A Palestinian suicide bombing on a pedestrian mall in Tel Aviv in January 2002 injured at least 24 civilians. As late as October 6, 2023, the opening called Islamic Jihad “the Islamist Palestinian militant organization” that claimed responsibility. Today’s opening calls it only “the Palestinian militant organization Islamic Jihad,” dropping “Islamist” entirely, and the word appears nowhere in the article. A reader today learns Islamic Jihad’s name but not that Wikipedia described it, through the day before October 7, 2023, as an Islamist organization, or that the bombing was called a terrorist attack.

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2003 Quetta mosque bombing

A mosque bombing in Quetta, Pakistan in 2003 killed 53 Hazara Shia Muslims during Friday prayers. Through 2015 the opening called it the “first of its kind terrorist, sectarian attack” and the first suicide bombing of its kind. Today’s opening describes gunmen shooting and a suicide bomber but never uses the word “terrorist”; the word survives 7 times elsewhere in the article. A reader of the opening alone does not learn that Wikipedia once called this the first terrorist attack of its kind in the sectarian campaign against Hazara Shias.

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2004 Israeli operation in Rafah

Israel’s 2004 military operation in Rafah, Gaza, followed the deaths of Israeli soldiers in attacks. Through 2010 the opening explained: “Israel says its aim was to clear ‘terrorist infrastructure’, to find smuggling tunnels… and to kill militants after the deaths of 13 Israeli soldiers in guerrilla attacks.” Today’s opening states only that the operation followed the deaths of eleven Israeli soldiers in two attacks, without repeating Israel’s stated rationale; the word “militant” survives 5 times in the body. A reader today does not learn that Israel described its own goal as clearing “terrorist infrastructure.”

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2004 Istanbul restaurant attack

A 2004 gun-and-bomb attack on an Istanbul restaurant frequented by freemasons killed one waiter and was claimed by an al-Qaeda affiliated group. Through 2010 the opening explained: “Freemasonists are considered as pro-Zionist among Islamist circles in Turkey.” Today’s opening no longer explains why freemasons were targeted; the word “islamist” survives once elsewhere in the article. A reader today does not learn that the attackers’ target was chosen because Islamist circles in Turkey regard freemasons as pro-Zionist.

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2004 Khobar massacre

The 2004 attack on oil facilities and a foreign workers’ compound in Al-Khobar, Saudi Arabia, killed 22 people; the attackers said they were attacking “Zionists and Crusaders.” Through 2005 the opening described “a previously unheard-of militant group” claiming responsibility, and elsewhere called the attackers Islamist terrorists. Today’s opening calls the attack the work of “four men armed with guns and bombs”; the word “militant” survives only once, and the description “Islamist terrorists” is gone entirely. A reader today does not learn that the attackers described their own target as “Zionists and Crusaders,” or that the opening once called them Islamist terrorists.

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2004 Madrid train bombings

The March 2004 Madrid commuter train bombings killed 193 people in an attack tied to a cell inspired by al-Qaeda. As of October 6, 2023, the opening subtitle read “Jihadist attack on Madrid’s suburban trains.” Today’s subtitle reads “Terrorist attack on Madrid’s suburban trains”; the word “jihad” survives twice elsewhere in the article. A reader today learns the attack was terrorism in general but not that Wikipedia, until just before October 7, 2023, specifically labeled it jihadist.

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2006 Shiyyah airstrike

An Israeli airstrike on the Shiyyah suburb of Beirut in August 2006, during the Lebanon War, destroyed three apartment buildings. Through 2010 the opening read: “The Chyah Airstrike or the Chyah massacre was an attack by the Israel Air Force (IAF) on the Shiyyah suburb.” Today’s opening calls it only “the 2006 Shiyyah airstrike,” dropping the alternate name from the opening; the word “massacre” survives once elsewhere in the article. A reader today does not learn that the event was also called the Chyah massacre.

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2007 Fort Dix attack plot

Six men conspired in 2007 to attack U.S. military personnel at Fort Dix, New Jersey, and were prosecuted as a terrorism case. Through 2015 the opening described “a group of six radical Islamist men who conspired to stage an attack.” Today’s opening calls them “a group of six radical Muslim individuals”; the word “islamist” survives 4 times elsewhere in the article. A reader today learns the men were radical and Muslim, not that Wikipedia specifically classified them as Islamist, or that the group’s stated aim was to “kill as many soldiers” as possible.

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2008 Jerusalem yeshiva attack

A Palestinian gunman shot and killed eight students at the Mercaz HaRav yeshiva in Jerusalem in March 2008, an attack Hamas later praised. Through 2020 the opening called it “The Mercaz HaRav massacre, also called the Mercaz HaRav shooting.” Today’s opening never uses “massacre,” opening instead with “a lone Palestinian gunman shot multiple students”; the word survives twice elsewhere in the article. It also no longer says most of the eight students killed were 15 or 16 years old. A reader today does not learn the attack’s commonly used name, the Mercaz HaRav massacre, or that most of the victims were teenagers.

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2009 Beledweyne bombing

A 2009 bombing of the Medina Hotel in Beledweyne, Somalia, killed 57 people. As of October 6, 2023, the opening subtitle read “2009 Islamist terror attack in Beledweyne, Hiiraan, Somalia.” Today’s subtitle reads only “Bombing in Beledweyne, Hiiraan, Somalia,” and the word “islamist” appears nowhere in the article. A reader today does not learn that this was classified as an Islamist terror attack.

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2013 Shapla Square protests

The Shapla Square protests were a 2013 Islamist rally in Dhaka by Hefazat-e Islam, broken up by a security force crackdown with disputed death tolls ranging from 10-12 by government count to over 50 by independent estimates. The 2020 opening noted that Human Rights Watch and other human rights organizations put the total death toll at above 50, and that rights groups have termed the events as a massacre. The word massacre does not appear in today’s opening at all, though it appears 14 times elsewhere in the article. A reader today does not learn that human rights organizations themselves characterized the security crackdown as a massacre.

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2014 shootings at Parliament Hill

Michael Zehaf-Bibeau fatally shot a Canadian soldier at the National War Memorial before storming Parliament Hill’s Centre Block, an attack the RCMP classified as a terrorist act. From 2015 through October 2023 the opening said Zehaf-Bibeau had previously expressed support for jihadists and others in the Middle East resisting the West’s intervention. The word jihad does not appear anywhere in the article today. A reader today does not learn that the shooter had expressed support for jihadists before the attack.

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2015 Tripoli, Lebanon bombings

Two suicide bombers killed nine people in a café in the Alawite-majority Jabal Mohsen district of Tripoli, Lebanon in January 2015. The 2015 opening stated that the al-Qaeda affiliated terrorist group Nusra Front took responsibility for the attacks, which targeted members of the Alawite sect. Today’s opening reports only the casualty count and that two suicide bombers attacked the café; the word survives 4 times in the body but not the opening. A reader today does not learn who claimed responsibility for the bombing or that it targeted the Alawite sect specifically.

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2016 Kundby bomb plot

A 15-year-old Danish convert to Islam plotted to bomb two schools in Denmark, including a Jewish school in Copenhagen. Through October 2023 the opening said she had converted to Islam and became an enthusiastic supporter of jihad and of ISIS. The word jihad does not appear anywhere in the article today; the opening now only names her and states police found bomb-making chemicals in her home. A reader today learns that a Jewish school was a target and not that the plotter was described as an enthusiastic supporter of jihad and ISIS.

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2020 Democratic Republic of the Congo attacks

A wave of attacks by the Allied Democratic Forces, a radical Islamist rebel group, and CODECO left at least 1,316 people dead in eastern Congo in 2020. The 2020 opening was a single line: a series of massacres took place in eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo in late May 2020. Today’s opening calls the same events “a series of attacks”; the word massacre survives 13 times in the body but not in the opening’s description of what happened. A reader today learns that 1,316 people died in a series of attacks and not that those events were once called a series of massacres.

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2023 Jaalle Siyaad military academy bombing

An al-Shabaab suicide bomber killed at least 25 soldiers at a military academy in Mogadishu, Somalia in July 2023. The October 2023 short description called it Jihadist mass murder in Somalia. Today’s short description reads “Al-Shabaab attacked Jaalle Siad Military Academy”; the word jihad survives once in the body but not in the opening. A reader today learns which group attacked and not that Wikipedia’s own opening once described al-Shabaab’s act as jihadist.

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2023 Peshawar mosque bombing

A suicide bomber disguised as a police officer killed 84 people inside a mosque in a high-security Peshawar police compound, an attack claimed by a Pakistani Taliban faction. The October 2023 opening stated plainly that the 2023 Peshawar mosque bombing was a terrorist attack that killed 84 people. Today’s opening describes only that a suicide bomber set off an explosion; the word terror survives 20 times in the body but not in the opening’s own description of the event. A reader today learns a bombing killed 84 people and not that Wikipedia’s own opening once called it a terrorist attack.

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A Flag Is Born

A Flag Is Born was a 1946 Broadway play starring Marlon Brando that advocated for a Jewish homeland in Mandatory Palestine. Through 2010 the opening explained that Holocaust survivors deserved to have their own land where they could live free from oppression and the anti-Semitic tyranny of the outside world. The word does not appear anywhere in the article today; the opening describes only the play’s advocacy for the creation of a homeland for the Jewish people. A reader today learns the play argued for a Jewish homeland and not that it explicitly framed the cause as an escape from antisemitic tyranny.

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Aaron Kosminski

Aaron Kosminski was a Polish Jewish immigrant to London named as one of the prime suspects in the Jack the Ripper murders. Through 2010 the opening noted that Kosminski was possibly the victim of antisemitism or confused with another Polish Jew of the same age. The word does not appear anywhere in the article today. A reader today does not learn that Wikipedia’s own opening once floated antisemitism as a possible reason he was named a suspect.

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Abayudaya

The Abayudaya are a Jewish community in eastern Uganda who converted to Judaism in the 20th century. Through 2005 the opening said they survived a number of anti-Semitic regimes, including that of Idi Amin, who outlawed Jewish rituals and destroyed synagogues. The word does not appear anywhere in the article today; the opening now covers only their religious practice and demographics. A reader today does not learn that this community endured a regime that banned their rituals and destroyed their synagogues.

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Abbas

The Abbas disambiguation page lists Abu Abbas, founder of the Palestine Liberation Front, the group behind the 1985 Achille Lauro hijacking in which Leon Klinghoffer, a disabled Jewish-American passenger, was murdered. The 2005 entry described him as founder of the Palestine Liberation Front terrorist organization (1948-2004). The word does not appear anywhere in the article today; the page has been reduced to a bare pointer. A reader looking up Abbas today does not learn that the Palestine Liberation Front he founded is described anywhere on Wikipedia as a terrorist organization.

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Abbey Mills Mosque

The Abbey Mills (“mega-mosque”) project by Tablighi Jamaat near London’s 2012 Olympic Park drew public controversy over its planned size and the group’s alleged ties. The opening once listed among the controversies alleged links between Tablighi Jamaat and Islamic terrorism. Today’s opening covers the mosque’s size, ownership and planning history without stating the terrorism allegation; the word survives 7 times in the body but not in the opening. A reader today learns the mosque project was controversial and not that the controversy included alleged terrorism links to its backing organization.

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Abdallah al-Ajmi

A Kuwaiti Guantanamo Bay detainee who went AWOL from the Kuwaiti military to fight in Afghanistan and later carried out a suicide attack in Iraq in 2008. By 2010 a Joint Task Force Guantanamo report quoted in the opening stated the detainee “went AWOL from the Kuwaiti military in order to travel to Afghanistan to participate in the Jihad.” Today the word is gone from the opening, though it survives 5 times elsewhere in the article. A reader today learns he was held at Guantanamo and later carried out a suicide attack, and not that he described his own combat purpose in Afghanistan as jihad.

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Abdallahi ibn Muhammad

The Sudanese Ansar ruler known as the Khalifa, who succeeded the self-proclaimed Mahdi and led an armed state against the British and Egyptians. The 2015 opening said “His attempt to create an Islamist military caliphate led to widespread discontent, and his eventual defeat and death at the hands of the British.” The word is gone from the whole article today; the opening now says only that “He attempted to create a kingdom, which led to widespread discontent.” A reader today learns he built a kingdom, and not that Wikipedia once described his state as an Islamist military caliphate.

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Abdel Wahab El-Messiri

An Egyptian scholar and general coordinator of the opposition movement Kefaya, and a former member of the Muslim Brotherhood. The 2010 opening described him as “self described as a moderate Islamist,” who “has on Al Jazeera contemptuously described Western civilization as genocidal.” The word is gone from the whole article today; the opening now lists his roles at Kefaya and the Muslim Brotherhood without either his Islamist self-description or the genocidal-West quote. A reader today learns he coordinated an opposition movement, and not that he called himself an Islamist or called Western civilization genocidal.

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Abdul Majeed al-Zindani

A Yemeni Islamist politician, founder of Iman University, and head of the Al-Islah political movement. The 2010 opening stated “The US Treasury Department identified Zindani as a ‘Specially Designated Global Terrorist’, citing his ‘long history of working with bin Laden.’” The designation is gone from the opening today, though the word survives 8 times in the body; the opening instead quotes journalists calling him “a charismatic Yemeni academic” and “a provocative cleric with a flaming red beard.” A reader today learns how two Western journalists described his personality, and not that the US Treasury Department designated him a Specially Designated Global Terrorist for his history with bin Laden.

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Abdul-Aziz al-Samarrai Mosque

A mosque in Fallujah, Iraq that became a battle site during the Iraq War. From 2005 through October 6 2023 the opening stated the mosque “came to worldwide attention when militants holed up inside it directed small-arms fire and a rocket at US Marines.” The word survives once in the article today but is gone from the opening, which now only calls Fallujah “the city of 120 mosques” without mentioning the battle. A reader today learns Fallujah once had many mosques, and not that militants used this specific mosque to fire on US Marines.

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Abdullah I of Jordan

The ruler of Transjordan and then Jordan from 1921 until his assassination in 1951. The 2005 opening stated “He would actually have signed a separate peace agreement with Israel, but for the Arab League’s militant opposition.” That sentence is gone from the opening today; the word survives once elsewhere in the article. A reader today learns his lineage and offices, and not that he was reportedly prepared to sign a separate peace with Israel before the Arab League’s opposition stopped it.

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Abraham ben Samuel Cohen of Lask

An 18th-century Jewish ascetic who lived in Jerusalem and later Safed. Through 2020 the opening identified his father as “the grandson of the martyr Yechiel-Michel Ha Cohen of Nemirov.” That phrase is gone from the opening today, though the word survives once elsewhere in the article. A reader today learns his father’s name, and not that the family descended from a martyr of Nemirov.

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Abraham Harkavy

A Russian historian and orientalist who worked at the St. Petersburg Library. The 2005 opening noted his position there was “an astonishing achievement for a Jew under Czarist society’s anti-Semitic policies.” That phrase is gone from the opening today, though the word survives once elsewhere in the article; the opening now states only that he “was a Russian historian and orientalist.” A reader today learns his profession and dates, and not that he achieved his position under Czarist antisemitic policy.

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Abrishami Synagogue

An Orthodox synagogue and Jewish community compound in Tehran, Iran. The 2010 opening explained the compound’s low-profile design was “quite possibly done in order to not invite any unwanted attention from the outside and to reduce the possibility of antisemitic acts against the building and its occupants.” The word is gone from the whole article today; the opening now describes only the compound’s buildings, a school, a beit midrash, a mikveh, and a kosher restaurant. A reader today learns what sits on the compound, and not that its design was shaped by the threat of antisemitic violence.

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Abu ‘Afak

A Jewish poet in the Hijaz who was assassinated on Muhammad’s orders after writing a poem critical of him. The 2005 opening carried a scholar’s quote describing how Islam was “transformed from a purely spiritual mission into a militant and punitive organization” in the context of the assassinations Muhammad ordered. That word is gone from the whole article today; the opening now describes only Abu ‘Afak’s poem and his killing by Salim ibn Umayr. A reader today learns who killed Abu ‘Afak, and not the scholarly characterization of early Islam’s shift toward militancy that the opening once carried alongside his death.

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Abu Hafs al-Hashimi al-Qurashi

The current caliph of the Islamic State, named to the position in August 2023. As of October 6 2023, the opening stated he “is a militant and the fifth and current caliph of the Islamic State.” The word is gone from the whole article today; the opening now calls him only “the fifth and current caliph of the Islamic State.” A reader today learns the title the Islamic State gives him, and not that Wikipedia once identified him plainly as a militant.

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Abu Hamza al-Masri

An Egyptian-born cleric and former imam of Finsbury Park Mosque in London, now incarcerated in a US federal prison. The 2010 opening described his preaching of “a violent and politicised interpretation of Islam, also known as militant Islamism or jihadism.” The word survives once in the article today but is gone from the opening, which now says he “preached Islamic fundamentalist views.” A reader today learns he held fundamentalist views, and not that the opening once named that preaching militant Islamism or jihadism.

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Abu Obeida

The spokesman for the Izz ad-Din al-Qassam Brigades, the military wing of Hamas. As of October 6 2023, the opening called it “the military wing of the Islamist Palestinian organization Hamas.” The word is gone from the whole article today; the opening now calls it only “the military wing of Hamas.” A reader today learns Hamas’s name, and not that the opening once named it an Islamist organization.

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Abu Omar al-Kuwaiti

A Kuwaiti and suspected al-Qaeda agent who operated in Afghanistan, Chechnya and the wider Caucasus. The 2010 opening stated “He was accused by the Russian government of numerous terrorist attacks, including involvement in organizing the Beslan school hostage crisis.” The word survives twice in the article today but is gone from the opening, which now describes him only as a suspected al-Qaeda agent without listing any accusation. A reader today learns where he operated, and not that Russia accused him of involvement in the Beslan school hostage crisis.

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Abu Qatada al-Filistini

A Jordanian Salafi cleric convicted in absentia in Jordan of planning terror plots, who long fought deportation from the United Kingdom. The 2010 opening stated flatly that he “is an Islamist militant.” The word survives twice in the article today but is gone from the opening, which now says he “was accused of having links to terrorist organisations.” A reader today learns he is accused of links to terrorism, and not that Wikipedia once identified him outright as a militant.

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Adam Czerniaków

The head of the Warsaw Ghetto Jewish Council, or Judenrat, during World War II, who died by suicide in 1942. The 2005 opening stated “Failure to comply would result in immediate execution of some one hundred hostages, including employees of the Judenrat and Czerniakow’s own wife.” The word survives once in the article today but is gone from the opening, which now states only that he died by suicide a day after the Grossaktion Warsaw began. A reader today learns when he died, and not that German authorities threatened to execute a hundred hostages, including his wife, to force his compliance.

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Adora, Har Hevron

Adora is an Israeli settlement in the Judean Mountains south of Hebron. On 27 April 2002 it was attacked: the 2010 opening said “two terrorists entered the settlement” and went on to describe them attacking and killing. Today’s opening carries no mention of the 2002 attack at all, though the word terror survives once in the body. A reader arriving at Adora’s opening paragraph today does not learn that the settlement was ever attacked.

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Afula bus suicide bombing

The Afula bus suicide bombing killed eight Israeli civilians and injured 55 on 6 April 1994, the first Palestinian suicide bombing against Israeli civilians. Through 2010 the opening said the attack was carried out in retaliation for the Cave of the Patriarchs massacre carried out by Baruch Goldstein. Today’s opening still notes a retaliatory motive but names neither Goldstein nor the massacre, describing only “the killing by a settler of 29 Muslims”; the word massacre survives five times elsewhere in the article. A reader today does not learn that the event which prompted this bombing was named, and catalogued, as a massacre.

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Agha Bozorg Mosque

The Agha Bozorg Mosque in Kashan, Iran, honors Mulla Ahmad Naraqi, who is described in a 2020 snapshot as having rallied Iranian forces against the Russian invasion by declaring “jihad” or “holy war” against the invading Russians. Today the word does not appear anywhere in the article. A reader today does not learn that the cleric honored by the mosque publicly declared jihad.

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Aharon Katzir

Aharon Katzir was an Israeli scientist killed in the 1972 terrorist attack on Lod Airport. The 2005 opening said “He was killed in the terrorist attack on Lod Airport in 1972.” Today’s opening describes him only as a pioneer in electrochemistry and says nothing about his death, though the word terror survives twice elsewhere in the article. A reader today does not learn from the opening that Katzir died in a terrorist attack, or how he died at all.

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Aharon Yariv

Aharon Yariv was an Israeli general and intelligence chief who, after the 1972 Munich massacre of Israeli Olympic athletes, became Golda Meir’s adviser on counterterrorism. The 2010 opening said that after the Munich Massacre in 1972 he “directed Operation Wrath of God.” Today’s opening says only that he was “an adviser to the Prime Minister on combating terror,” naming neither the Munich massacre nor the operation he directed; the word massacre survives twice elsewhere in the article. A reader today does not learn from the opening that Yariv’s counterterrorism role followed the Munich massacre or that he directed Israel’s named retaliatory operation.

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Ahmad Kurd

Ahmad Kurd was a Palestinian politician who served as mayor of Deir al-Balah in Gaza, elected in 2005 as Hamas’s candidate. The 2010 opening described Hamas as “the political party and militant group, Hamas.” Today’s opening calls Hamas only “the political party, Hamas,” and the word does not appear anywhere in the article. A reader today does not learn from the opening that Hamas, the party Kurd represented, is also a militant organization.

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Ahmad Sa’adat

Ahmad Sa’adat is Secretary-General of the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine, imprisoned by Israel for his role leading the group. The 2010 opening said an Israeli military court sentenced him “to 30 years in prison for heading an ‘illegal terrorist organization’ and for his responsibility for all actions carried out by his organization.” Today’s opening calls him only “a Palestinian militant” and does not mention the terrorist designation or his sentencing for it, though the word survives five times elsewhere in the article. A reader today does not learn from the opening that an Israeli court convicted Sa’adat of heading a designated terrorist organization.

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Akromiya

Akromiya is an Uzbek organization founded by Akrom Yo’ldoshev. The 2005 opening called it “an Islamist militant group in Uzbekistan, Central Asia, banned under the current Uzbek government.” Today’s opening calls it only “an Islamist organization,” and the word does not appear anywhere in the article. A reader today does not learn that Akromiya was described as a militant group or that it was banned by the Uzbek government.

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Al Bureij killings

On 16 April 2008, Israeli soldiers killed a Reuters cameraman and eight other Palestinians when they fired a tank shell at a group in the Bureij refugee camp. Through 2020 the opening and title called this the “El Boureij massacre.” Today the article and its title use only “killings,” and the word massacre does not appear anywhere in the article. A reader today does not learn that this event was catalogued as a massacre in earlier snapshots of the article.

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Al-Aqsa Foundation

The al-Aqsa Foundation is a charity the US Treasury designated a Specially Designated Global Terrorist entity in 2003 for its links to Hamas. The 2010 opening described it as having “alleged ties to the Palestinian militant organisation Hamas” and quoted US officials calling it “a critical part of Hamas’ transnational terrorist support infrastructure.” Today’s opening keeps the 2003 designation but drops the description of Hamas as a militant organization and drops the “critical part of Hamas’ transnational terrorist support infrastructure” characterization; the word survives twice elsewhere in the article. A reader today does not learn that the US government specifically called the foundation a critical part of Hamas’ transnational terrorist support infrastructure.

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Al-Arkam School

Al-Arkam school in Gaza City, founded by Hamas leader Sheikh Ahmed Yassin, was partially destroyed by an Israeli airstrike in September 2005. Earlier snapshots said the strike came “in retaliation for rocket attacks launched by Palestinian militants.” Today’s opening states only that Israel carried out the airstrike, with no mention of the rocket attacks that preceded it, and the word does not appear anywhere in the article. A reader today does not learn that the Israeli strike was described as retaliation for Palestinian militant rocket attacks.

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Al-Fatur

Al-Fatur was a Palestinian Arab village near Baysan, depopulated in 1948 during Israel’s Operation Gideon. The 2010 opening said “A massacre was known to have occurred by Jewish troops against the town’s inhabitants.” Today’s opening says the village “was attacked by the Israel Defense Forces as part of Operation Gideon,” with no mention of a massacre; the word does not appear anywhere in the article. A reader today does not learn that earlier snapshots of the article recorded a massacre claim at Al-Fatur.

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Al-Fourqaan mosque

The Al-Fourqaan mosque in Eindhoven was reported to have young men recruited by the Algerian terrorist group Groupe Salafiste pour la Prédication et le Combat, and drew attention for its jihadist imam. Earlier snapshots said men were “reportedly recruited by Algerian terrorist group Groupe Salafiste pour la Prédication et le Combat to fight in the holy war,” and that the mosque drew media attention “for its jihadist imam.” Today’s opening describes only a Salafi mosque established in the 1990s, with no mention of the GSPC recruitment or the jihadist imam; the word survives four times elsewhere in the article. A reader today does not learn from the opening that the mosque was reported to be linked to a designated terrorist group’s recruitment or that it had a jihadist imam who drew intelligence attention.

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Al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah

Al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah was the sixth Fatimid caliph and 16th Ismaili Imam, a ruler whose legacy is disputed among historians. Through 2005 the opening said Ismaili communities in North Africa were massacred by Sunni mobs led by their influential Maliki jurists. Today the word is nowhere in the article, count zero. A reader arriving now learns nothing of this sectarian massacre of Ismailis during his era.

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Al-Mourabitoun (militant group)

Al-Mourabitoun was an African militant jihadist organization active from 2013 to 2017 that later merged into Al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb. Through 2015 the opening said the group has been designated as a terrorist organization by the United Nations, Australia, Canada, the United Kingdom and the United States. Today the opening carries none of that designation, though the word survives 17 times in the body. A reader arriving now learns it sought to implement Sharia law and merged with other groups, and not that five governments and the UN designated it a terrorist organization.

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Al-Mu’izz ibn Badis

Al-Mu’izz ibn Badis was the fourth Zirid ruler of Ifriqiya, reigning from 1016 to 1062. Through 2010 the opening said that in 1016 there was a bloody revolt in which the Fatimid residence Al-Mansuriya was destroyed and 20,000 Shiites were massacred. Today the opening carries none of this, though the word survives once in the body. A reader arriving now learns only his reign dates and regency, and not that 20,000 Shiites were killed in this massacre during his era.

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Al-Nasser Salah al-Deen Brigades

The al-Nasser Salah al-Deen Brigades are the military wing of the Popular Resistance Committees, a Palestinian militant organization operating in the Gaza Strip. Through 2010 the opening said these organizations are regarded as terrorist organizations by Israel and the United States. Today the word is nowhere in the article, count zero. A reader arriving now learns only that it is a Palestinian armed organization, and not that Israel and the United States designate it a terrorist organization.

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Al-Qaeda

Al-Qaeda is the pan-Islamist militant organization behind the 1998 US embassy bombings, the USS Cole bombing, and the September 11 attacks. Through 2020 the opening listed examples of its sectarian attacks in Iraq, including the Yazidi community bombings, the Sadr City bombings, the Ashoura Massacre and the April 2007 Baghdad bombings. Today the word is nowhere in the article, count zero. A reader arriving now learns of the organization’s founding and its US and allied targets, and not that Wikipedia once named the Ashoura Massacre among its sectarian attacks.

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Al-Qaeda in Bosnia and Herzegovina

Al-Qaeda in Bosnia and Herzegovina was the al-Qaeda branch formed during the Bosnian War in 1992. Through 2015 the opening said the group, operating through the Saudi High Commission, carried out the terrorist attack in Mostar in 1997. Today the opening carries none of this, though the word survives 8 times in the body. A reader arriving now learns that the group operated through the Saudi High Commission after the war, and not that it carried out a terrorist attack in Mostar.

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Al-Quds Al-Arabi

Al-Quds Al-Arabi is an independent pan-Arab daily newspaper published in London since 1989. Through 2010 the opening said it was the first, or among the first, to publish a number of communiqués threatening, and taking responsibility for, Islamist and terrorist violence. Today the opening carries none of this, though the word survives 4 times in the body. A reader arriving now learns about its ownership, editors and circulation, and not that it was a channel for terrorist groups’ claims of responsibility.

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Al-Quds rocket

The al-Quds 101 rocket is a homemade artillery rocket made and used by the Palestinian Islamic Jihad. Through 2010 the opening said it was made and used by the group for use in terrorist attacks of Israel. Today the opening reads that it was made for use in attacks against Israel, and the word terrorist is nowhere in the article, count zero. A reader arriving now learns the rocket was used in attacks on Israel, and not that Wikipedia once called those attacks terrorist.

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Alawites

Alawites are an Arab ethnoreligious group centered in the Levant, whose theology diverges from mainstream Shia Islam. Through the October 6, 2023 snapshot the opening said the Ba’athist security apparatus, operated by Alawite loyalists of the al-Assad family, launched sectarian crackdowns such as the Hama Massacre. Today the opening carries none of this, though the word survives 17 times in the body. A reader arriving now learns about Alawite theology and demographics, and not that Alawite-led security forces carried out the Hama Massacre.

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Aleinu

Aleinu is a Jewish prayer recited at the end of daily services and found in the Rosh Hashanah liturgy. Through 2015 the opening said some have suggested that this act of martyrdom inspired the adoption of Aleinu into the daily liturgy. Today the opening carries none of this, though the word survives twice elsewhere in the article. A reader arriving now learns when and how often the prayer is recited, and not that its adoption has been linked to an act of Jewish martyrdom.

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Aleppo offensive (November–December 2016)

The Aleppo offensive of November-December 2016 was the campaign in which Syrian government forces, backed by Russia and Iran, retook rebel-held Aleppo. Through 2020 the opening’s own short description labeled it a massacre in Aleppo. Today that same line calls it a battle in Aleppo, though the word massacre survives 18 times in the body. A reader arriving now learns this was labeled a battle at the top of the article, and not what an earlier snapshot called it, a massacre.

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Alexandroni Brigade

The Alexandroni Brigade is an Israel Defense Forces brigade that has fought in many of Israel’s wars. The opening carried this line in 2005 and still carried it as of the October 6, 2023 snapshot: Teddy Katz received an A+ grade from Haifa University in 1998 for a thesis which claimed that the Alexandroni Brigade committed a massacre in the Arab village of Tantura during the 1948 Arab-Israeli war. Today the opening carries none of this, though the word survives 17 times elsewhere in the article. A reader arriving now learns only that the brigade fought in Israel’s wars, and not that a Haifa University thesis alleged it committed a massacre at Tantura.

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All India Ulema and Mashaikh Board

The All India Ulama & Mashaikh Board is a Sufi-oriented Indian Islamic organization representing Barelvi mosque and shrine leaders. Through 2020 the opening said AIUMB “advocates for a rejection of radical Islam, wahhabism and jihadism, for a restoration of Islamic holy places, and for proper representation of all Muslims.” Today the word appears nowhere in the article. A reader today learns the organization is now largely inactive and criticized for its silence on Muslim issues in India, and does not learn that it once defined itself in opposition to jihadism and wahhabism.

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Aly Hindy

Aly Hindy is the imam of a Toronto mosque the National Post once called a “radical mosque.” Through 2015 the opening said he was “notable for his alleged connections to militant and fundamentalist elements, as well as his defence of Canadians accused of terrorism.” Today the word survives once in the body but is gone from the opening, which now carries only the National Post’s “radical mosque” label with no explanation of why. A reader today learns a newspaper called his mosque radical and does not learn that he was noted for defending Canadians accused of terrorism.

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Amatzia, Israel

Amatzia is an Israeli moshav built on the land of a depopulated Palestinian village. Through 2015 the opening said it was located “on the land of the depopulated Palestinian village of Al-Dawayima, the scene of the 1948 Al-Dawayima massacre.” Today the word appears nowhere in the article. A reader today learns Amatzia is a moshav near Lakhish with a population of 190 and does not learn it sits on the site of a 1948 massacre of Palestinian villagers.

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AMIA bombing

The AMIA bombing was a 1994 truck-bomb attack on the Jewish community center in Buenos Aires that killed 85 people, still the deadliest terrorist attack in Argentine history. In 2005 the opening reported that the suicide bomber “has been honored with a plaque in southern Lebanon for” his martyrdom, according to Israeli diplomatic sources who read the Argentine intelligence report. Today the word survives once in the body but is gone from the opening. A reader today does not learn that the opening once described this attack as the largest single incident of terrorism against Jews since World War II, a description no longer present anywhere in the opening.

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Amin al-Husseini

Amin al-Husseini was the Palestinian Arab nationalist and Mufti of Jerusalem who allied with Nazi Germany during World War II. Through October 6, 2023, the opening said that at war’s end he “sought refuge in Cairo to avoid prosecution for war crimes.” By 2025 the word had been removed and appears nowhere in the article today. A reader today does not learn that al-Husseini fled prosecution for war crimes after World War II, a fact that survived in the opening through the eve of October 7, 2023, and disappeared afterward.

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Amnon Kapeliouk

Amnon Kapeliouk was an Israeli journalist and co-founder of B’Tselem known for his reporting on Palestinian affairs and his investigation into the Sabra and Shatila massacre. Through 2010 the opening said he “was accused by CAMERA of misrepresenting a quote by Menachem Begin to suggest that the Israeli Prime Minister had described all Palestinians in a speech to the Knesset as being ‘beasts walking on two legs’ when he was only referring to terrorists.” Today the word appears nowhere in the article. A reader today does not learn that Kapeliouk was accused of misquoting Begin to make it appear he had dehumanized all Palestinians rather than only terrorists.

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Anastas Hanania

Anastas Hanania was a Palestinian-Jordanian lawyer, judge, and diplomat who left Palestine in 1948. Through 2010 the opening said, “After the 1948 Deir Yassin massacre, Hanania and his family left Palestine for Amman.” Today the word appears nowhere in the article, and the opening gives no reason at all for his departure from Palestine. A reader today does not learn that Hanania’s family fled Palestine because of the Deir Yassin massacre.

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Anglo-American Committee of Inquiry

The Anglo-American Committee of Inquiry was the 1946 US-UK panel examining conditions for Jews in Mandatory Palestine. Through 2020 the opening said American opinions on Zionism itself were described as “largely indifferent and often anti-Semitic,” quoting Truman calling Zionist circles “the usual European conspirators.” Today the word survives twice in the body but is gone from the opening. A reader of today’s opening does not learn that American officials’ attitudes toward Zionism at the time were documented as often antisemitic.

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Antisemitism in 21st-century Germany

This article covers the documented rise of antisemitism in Germany today. Through 2020 the opening cited Germany’s domestic intelligence agency, the BfV, concluding that “antisemitic rhetoric spread by Islamist organizations posed a significant challenge to a peaceful and tolerant society.” Today the word survives four times in the body but is gone from an opening reduced to a single sentence: “Antisemitism is a growing problem in 21st-century Germany.” A reader today learns antisemitism is rising in Germany and does not learn that the German government’s own domestic intelligence agency identified Islamist organizations as a source of antisemitic rhetoric.

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Arab Peace Initiative

The Arab Peace Initiative was the 2002 Arab League peace proposal whose unveiling was overshadowed by the Passover Massacre, an attack that killed Israelis and was claimed by Hamas’ military wing. From 2010 through 2020 the opening said the Initiative “was initially overshadowed by the Passover Massacre, a major terrorist attack that took place on March 27, 2002… claimed by the Izz ad-Din al-Qassam Brigades, Hamas’ military wing.” Today the opening carries none of this, reduced to a list of related peace plans and disputed issues, though terror survives six times in the body. A reader arriving now does not learn that the Initiative’s launch was overshadowed by a Hamas-claimed terrorist attack on Israeli civilians.

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Argaman

Argaman is an Israeli settlement in the Jordan Valley whose name honors two Nahal commanders, Arik Regev and Gad Mandel. The 2010 opening explained that its name is an acronym for the pair, “two Nahal commanders who were killed whilst pursuing terrorists.” Today the word terrorist appears nowhere in the article; the opening instead covers the settlement’s population and the international community’s view that West Bank settlements are illegal. A reader arriving now does not learn that Argaman was named for two soldiers killed while pursuing terrorists.

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Arna’s Children

Arna’s Children is a 2004 documentary about a children’s theater in Jenin, directed by Juliano Mer Khamis. The 2015 opening reported that Mer Khamis “was assassinated in Jenin on 4 April 2011 by masked militants.” Today the word militant appears nowhere in the article, and the opening makes no mention of his death at all, closing instead on the film’s festival award. A reader arriving now does not learn that the film’s director was later assassinated.

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Arthur Ruppin

Arthur Ruppin was a German Zionist sociologist and a founder of Tel Aviv who organized Zionist immigration to Palestine. Through 2015 the opening said he left the Brit Shalom binational-state peace movement “after the 1929 Hebron massacre.” Today the opening covers his academic career at length but drops the Brit Shalom episode entirely, though massacre survives once in the body. A reader arriving now does not learn that Ruppin abandoned a Jewish-Arab peace initiative specifically because of the 1929 Hebron massacre.

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Arthur Schneier

Arthur Schneier is an Austrian-American rabbi and Holocaust survivor who has addressed European bodies on hatred and intolerance. The 2010 opening recalled that he told the Council of Europe of “a new mutation of anti-Semitism, fanned by extremists on the left and right and radical Islam.” Today the word antisemitism appears nowhere in the article; the opening covers only his honors and decades as a synagogue rabbi. A reader arriving now does not learn that Schneier specifically warned European officials that antisemitism was being fueled by radical Islam alongside political extremists.

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Artists4Israel

Artists4Israel is a pro-Israel advocacy nonprofit that uses street art to educate the public about Israel. The 2015 opening said its mural project with graffiti artist Cope2 aimed to draw attention to “the targeting of Israeli civilians by terrorists groups based in Hamas-controlled Gaza.” Today the opening is reduced to naming the organization and its director, with the word terror surviving once in the body. A reader arriving now does not learn that the organization’s own stated purpose included highlighting terrorist targeting of Israeli civilians from Gaza.

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Asghar Bukhari

Asghar Bukhari is a British Muslim political campaigner and a founding member of the Muslim Public Affairs Committee UK. Through 2020 the opening said he “has run into controversy over accusations of antisemitism.” Today the opening describes him only as a campaigner and commentator, though antisemitism survives seven times in the body. A reader arriving now does not learn from the opening that Bukhari has faced public accusations of antisemitism.

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Asher Karni

Asher Karni is a South African-Israeli businessman known for a nuclear-smuggling case. The 2005 opening said he was “accused of selling nuclear devices to Humayun Khan, a Pakistani man believed connected to a larger terrorist group in Jammu and Kashmir.” Today the opening is a single vague sentence crediting him only with “financial involvement and support” for nuclear programs, though terror survives once in the body. A reader arriving now does not learn from the opening that Karni was accused of supplying nuclear components to a man tied to a terrorist group.

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Ashkenazi Hasidim

The Hasidim of Ashkenaz were a Jewish mystical movement in the medieval German Rhineland. Through 2010 the opening explained the movement dispersed “after Rabbi Judah passed away in 1217 and the Rindfleish Massacres in the early part of the 13th century.” Today the word massacre appears nowhere in the article, and the opening says only that the community’s extent and influence “has not been studied.” A reader arriving now does not learn that a wave of massacres against Jews contributed to the movement’s disappearance from Germany.

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Askar Camp

Askar is a Palestinian refugee camp on the outskirts of Nablus in the West Bank. Through 2020 the opening explained that IDF incursions there target “suspected militants who Israeli authorities consider to be affiliated with listed terrorist organisations.” Today the opening covers only the camp’s founding and population figures, though terror survives once in the body. A reader arriving now does not learn from the opening that Israeli operations in the camp target people linked to listed terrorist organizations.

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Assassination of Mahmoud Al-Mabhouh

Mahmoud al-Mabhouh was a Hamas military-wing co-founder assassinated in a Dubai hotel in 2010, wanted by Israel for kidnapping and murdering two Israeli soldiers. The 2010 opening described his unit as the military wing of “the Islamist Palestinian militant group Hamas.” Today the opening drops the qualifier entirely, calling it simply “the military wing of Hamas,” though militant survives five times in the body. A reader arriving now does not learn from the opening that Wikipedia once described Hamas itself as an Islamist Palestinian militant group.

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Assassination of Yitzhak Rabin

Yitzhak Rabin, Israel’s prime minister, was assassinated in 1995 by Yigal Amir over his opposition to the Oslo Accords. The 2015 opening named the assassin “an Israeli ultranationalist terrorist named Yigal Amir.” Today the opening calls him only “an Israeli law student and ultranationalist,” though terror survives seven times in the body. A reader arriving now does not learn from the opening that Wikipedia’s own text once called Rabin’s assassin a terrorist.

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Ataroth

Ataroth was an Iron Age Israelite city named in the Hebrew Bible and in the Mesha Stele, the Moabite king’s own inscription. Through 2020 the opening quoted the Stele’s boast that the king “massacred all the Israelites at Ataroth as satisfaction for the blood lust of Chemosh and Moab.” Today the opening only identifies Ataroth as an Iron Age city, though massacre survives twice in the body. A reader arriving now does not learn from the opening that the Mesha Stele itself records the massacre of the Israelite population at Ataroth.

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August 2016 Aden bombing

A car suicide bombing on an army recruitment camp in Aden, Yemen, that killed 72 people. The 2020 opening described the bombing as one of a series of terrorist attacks by Islamist militants, including Islamic State, in Yemen. The opening no longer uses the word, though terror survives six times in the body. A reader today does not learn that Wikipedia’s own opening once placed the bombing within a wider pattern of Islamist militant terrorism in Yemen.

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Avichai Rontzki

Avichai Rontzki, the Israel Defense Forces’ Chief Military Rabbi from 2006 to 2010. The 2015 opening said his statements have led many organizations outside of Israel to accuse him of inciting terrorism. The opening carries no mention of the accusation today, though terror survives four times in the body. A reader today does not learn that outside organizations accused him of inciting terrorism.

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Avigayil

Avigayil, an Israeli settlement in the West Bank between Ma’on and Susya. The 2010 opening said it was established near an area where there had been many attempted terror attacts on Israeli civilians. The word appears nowhere in the article today. A reader today does not learn that the settlement was established in an area that had seen repeated attacks targeting Israeli civilians.

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Avivim school bus bombing

A 1970 attack on an Israeli school bus that killed 12 civilians, nine of them children. Through 2020 the opening called it the Avivim school bus massacre. The opening today calls it a terrorist attack but drops the word massacre, which survives twice in the body. A reader today no longer sees the event named a massacre in the opening paragraph.

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Avraham Sinai

Avraham Sinai, a former Hezbollah member who became an Israeli spy and later converted to Judaism. The 2010 opening said Sinai said he helped to prevent a number of terrorist attacks. The word appears nowhere in the article today. A reader today does not learn that Sinai claimed to have helped prevent terrorist attacks.

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Azad Ali

Azad Ali, a British activist and spokesman for the Islamic Forum of Europe, reported by the press to have links to extremists. The 2015 opening called him a British Islamist and a spokesman for the Islamic Forum of Europe. The opening today calls him a British Muslim activist, though Islamist survives four times elsewhere in the article. A reader today does not learn that Wikipedia’s own opening once identified him specifically as an Islamist rather than a Muslim activist.

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Azriel Rabinowitz

Rabbi Azriel Rabinowitz, a rosh yeshiva at the Telshe Yeshiva in Lithuania, killed in the Holocaust. The 2010 opening said Nazi forces and local Lithuanian sympathizers massacred the male population of Telz, including Rabbi Azriel Rabinowitz, his family and the faculty of the Telz Yeshiva. The opening today gives his death date without describing how he died, though massacre survives twice elsewhere in the article. A reader today does not learn that he was murdered along with his family and yeshiva faculty by Nazi forces and local Lithuanian collaborators.

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Baha Abu al-Ata

Baha Abu al-Ata, a leader of the Palestinian Islamic Jihad Movement in Palestine, killed by Israel in a 2019 targeted strike. The 2020 opening called him a Palestinian terrorist organization leader. The opening today calls him a Palestinian militant leader, and the word appears nowhere in the article. A reader today does not learn that Wikipedia’s own opening once identified him as the leader of a terrorist organization rather than a militant leader.

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Bahar bin Sumayt

Bahar bin Sumayt, an Indonesian preacher closely tied to the hardline Islamic Defenders Front. The October 2023 snapshot labeled him Indonesia Islamist scholar. The opening today calls him an Indonesian Islamic scholar, though Islamist survives once elsewhere in the article. A reader today does not learn that the opening once specifically labeled him an Islamist rather than an Islamic scholar.

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Bar Kokhba Revolt

The Bar Kokhba Revolt, the last of three major Jewish-Roman wars, fought 132-136 CE. The 2015 opening said according to Cassius Dio, 580,000 Jewish civilians were massacred, and those who survived were sold into slavery, in events some scholars describe as a genocide. The opening today no longer states that figure, though massacre survives twice elsewhere in the article. A reader today does not learn Cassius Dio’s count of 580,000 Jewish civilians killed or that some scholars describe the revolt’s suppression as a genocide.

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Bar Yohai

Bar Yohai, a Jewish religious community in northern Israel built on the land of the depopulated Palestinian village of Safsaf. The 2015 opening said the villagers fled to Lebanon after the Safsaf massacre in October 1948, during the 1948 Arab-Israeli war. The opening today no longer names the massacre, though the word survives once elsewhere in the article. A reader today does not learn that villagers fled the site after the Safsaf massacre during the 1948 war.

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Baruch Marzel

Baruch Marzel, an Israeli far-right political activist and former spokesman for Meir Kahane’s Kach organization. The 2005 opening said both groups were designated terrorist and outlawed in 1994 following the mass killing of 29 Palestinians in the Cave of the Patriarchs in Hebron by Baruch Goldstein. The word appears nowhere in the article today. A reader today does not learn that Kach and Kahane Chai were designated terrorist organizations and outlawed in 1994.

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Barzani (tribe)

The Barzani tribe, a Kurdish tribal confederation in Iraq. The 2020 opening said during the Kurdish genocide, about 8,000 members of the tribe were massacred. The opening today no longer states that figure, though massacre survives once elsewhere in the article. A reader today does not learn that about 8,000 tribe members were killed during the Kurdish genocide.

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Basel Ghattas

Basel Ghattas was an Israeli Arab Knesset member for Balad, arrested in December 2016 after he was caught on video smuggling contraband to prisoners. Through 2020 the opening described him as caught providing convicted Palestinian terrorists with cell phones and SIM cards. Today the opening calls the same men convicted Palestinian prisoners; terror survives four times elsewhere in the article. A reader today learns Ghattas smuggled phones to prisoners, not that Wikipedia’s own account once called them terrorists.

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Bat Ayin axe attack

The Bat Ayin axe attack was a 2009 attack in the West Bank in which Moussa Tayet killed 13-year-old Shlomo Nativ and wounded a 7-year-old boy with an axe and knife. Through 2020 the opening reported that Palestinian Islamist group Hamas, the Gaza Strip’s governing authority, described the killing as “natural.” Today the opening carries neither the Islamist label nor Hamas’s reaction; the word is nowhere in the article. A reader today does not learn that Hamas called the killing of a 13-year-old boy natural.

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Battle of Bint Jbeil (2006)

The Battle of Bint Jbeil was a 2006 Lebanon War engagement between Israeli forces and Hezbollah. Through 2020 the infobox listed the IDF’s casualty estimate as 50-70 militants. Today the same line reads 50-70 fighters, and militant is nowhere in the article. A reader today sees the IDF’s estimate of Hezbollah dead described as fighters, not the militants the infobox called them as of 2020.

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Battle of Shuja’iyya (2014)

The Battle of Shuja’iyya was a 2014 engagement between the IDF and Hamas’s Izz ad-Din al-Qassam Brigades in Gaza City, one of the deadliest of the 2014 Israel-Gaza war. Through 2020 the opening carried an account, relayed by Jordanian-Palestinian politician Mudar Zahran, that a Gaza medical worker told him “Hamas militants blocked exits, shot people as they were running and forced the rest to return to their homes and get bombed.” Today the opening carries none of it, though militant survives once in the body. A reader today does not learn this account of Hamas blocking civilians from fleeing before the neighborhood was bombed.

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Beersheba

Beersheba is the largest city in Israel’s Negev desert. Through 2005 the opening reported bus bombings in the city and that Palestinian militant group Hamas claimed responsibility for the attacks. Today the opening makes no mention of the bombings or Hamas at all, and militant is nowhere in the article. A reader today learns nothing from the opening about the bus bombings or who claimed responsibility for them.

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Beit Hanoun

Beit Hanoun is a Palestinian city in the Gaza Strip where an IDF shelling killed 19 Palestinian civilians in 2006. Through 2020 the opening reported that the United Nations appointed a fact-finding commission, to be led by Desmond Tutu, to investigate whether the shelling constituted a war crime, and that the investigation was cancelled for lack of Israeli cooperation. Today the opening carries none of this; war crime survives twice in the body. A reader today does not learn that a UN war crimes investigation into the shelling was appointed and then cancelled.

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Beit Lahia

Beit Lahia is a city in the Gaza Strip near Beit Hanoun. Through 2015 the opening reported that Hamas, an Islamist party, took control of it during the 2005 municipal elections. Today the opening is a bare geography and population description with no mention of Hamas or the elections, and Islamist is nowhere in the article. A reader today does not learn that Hamas took control of Beit Lahia in 2005 or that Wikipedia described it as an Islamist party.

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Beit Rima raid

The Beit Rima raid was a 2001 Israeli military operation in the West Bank village of Beit Rima, killing at least six people while searching for those responsible for the assassination of Israeli cabinet minister Rehavam Ze’evi. Through the October 6, 2023 snapshot, the article’s own title called it the Beit Rima massacre, describing the same tanks, helicopters and casualty count. Today the title and opening both read Beit Rima raid, and massacre is nowhere in the article. A reader today learns Israeli forces conducted a raid, not that Wikipedia’s own title called it a massacre as recently as October 2023.

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Ben Uri Gallery & Museum

The Ben Uri Gallery & Museum was founded in London’s East End in 1915 to serve Jewish immigrant artists. Through 2010 the opening explained it was founded because those artists were unable to gain access to mainstream artistic societies due to anti-Semitism. Today the opening gives the museum’s founding date and mission with no mention of antisemitism, and the word is nowhere in the article. A reader today does not learn that the museum exists because Jewish artists faced antisemitism in mainstream art societies.

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Benjamin ben Abraham Anaw

Benjamin ben Abraham Anaw was a 13th-century Roman Jewish liturgical poet and Talmudist. Through 2015 the opening reported that Nicholas Donin’s agitation filled the Roman Jews with terror, prompting them to appoint a day of fasting and prayer. Today the opening makes no mention of Donin or the fear his campaign caused, though terror survives once in the body. A reader today does not learn that a documented antisemitic campaign against the community instilled fear serious enough to prompt a day of fasting and prayer.

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Benzion Netanyahu

Benzion Netanyahu was an Israeli historian and the father of Yonatan, Benjamin, and Iddo Netanyahu. Through 2015 the opening reported that his son Yonatan, former commander of Sayeret Matkal, was killed in action leading the Entebbe hostage rescue. Today the opening still names Yonatan as Sayeret Matkal’s ex-commander but drops how and where he died, though hostage survives once in the body. A reader today learns that Yonatan commanded Sayeret Matkal, not that he died leading the 1976 Entebbe hostage rescue.

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Beth Yaacov Synagogue (Madrid)

The Beth Yaacov Synagogue is a Madrid congregation, the first new synagogue built in Spain since the 1492 expulsion. Through 2020 the opening reported that a number of Jewish families arrived after the 1956 Anti-Semitic violence in Morocco. Today the opening gives the synagogue’s address and opening date with no mention of the 1956 violence, and the word is nowhere in the article. A reader today does not learn that the congregation’s founders fled antisemitic violence in Morocco.

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Bilu (movement)

Bilu was a 19th-century movement of Russian Jewish pioneers who emigrated to settle Ottoman Palestine. Through 2005 the opening reported that the wave of pogroms of 1881-1884 and Tsar Alexander III’s anti-Semitic May Laws of 1882 prompted the mass Jewish emigration behind the movement. Today the opening describes Bilu’s founding and goals without naming the pogroms or the May Laws, though antisemitism survives once in the body. A reader today does not learn that pogroms and antisemitic laws were what drove the emigration that produced the Bilu movement.

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Binyamin Ze’ev Kahane

Binyamin Ze’ev Kahane, son of Rabbi Meir Kahane, led the Kach and Kahane Chai movements before he was assassinated by Palestinian militants in 2000. The 2005 opening stated that “in 1994 both groups were declared terrorists and outlawed by the Israeli Government, following their statements in support of the mass killings of 29 Arabs in the Cave of the Patriarchs by Baruch Goldstein.” Today the opening says nothing about that designation, though the word survives twice in the body. A reader today learns Kahane was assassinated by Palestinian militants but not that the Israeli government itself outlawed his own movements as terrorist organizations.

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Blockade of the Gaza Strip

Israel’s blockade of Gaza, in place since 2007, restricts the movement of goods and people into and out of the territory. In 2020 the opening carried Israel’s own justification, that the blockade was necessary “to protect Israeli citizens from terrorism, rocket attacks and any other hostile activity.” The opening today gives the blockade’s aims as preventing weapons smuggling and pressuring Hamas, and quotes human rights groups calling it illegal and a form of collective punishment, while the word terror survives 22 times in the body but not the opening. A reader today learns that human rights groups call the blockade illegal but not that Israel’s stated reason was to stop terrorism and rocket attacks against its own citizens.

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Bruriah

Bruriah was a Talmudic sage and the daughter of Rabbi Hananiah ben Teradion, one of the rabbis executed by Rome for defying its ban on teaching Torah. The 2010 and 2015 openings named her father as “one of the ‘Ten Martyrs’,” the rabbis put to death by Rome. The opening today calls him only “Haninah ben Teradion,” with no mention of his martyrdom, though the word survives once in the body. A reader today learns Bruriah’s father’s name but not that Rome executed him for teaching Torah.

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Bytom Synagogue

The Bytom Synagogue, then in Beuthen, Germany, was destroyed during Kristallnacht in November 1938. The 2010 opening stated that “on November 7, 1938 Goebbels delivered a fiery anti-Semitic tirade in Beuthen with a call for vengeance against Jews,” two days before the synagogue burned. The opening today says only that the synagogue “was destroyed by Nazis on November 9, 1938, during Kristallnacht,” though the word survives twice in the body. A reader today learns the synagogue was destroyed during Kristallnacht but not that Goebbels had personally called for vengeance against Jews in that town two days earlier.

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Café Moment bombing

The Café Moment bombing killed 11 Israeli civilians in a Jerusalem coffee shop during the Second Intifada. Through 2015 the opening called it “a Palestinian terrorist attack.” Today the opening calls it a “Palestinian suicide bombing,” with the word terror surviving 8 times in the body but not in the opening. A reader today learns a bombing happened during the Second Intifada but not that it was categorized as a terrorist attack.

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Caiaphas

Caiaphas was the Jewish high priest whom the Gospels of Matthew, Luke and John describe as organizing the plot to kill Jesus. The 2005 opening noted that “passages involving Caiaphas are among those from scripture cited over the years by those wishing a Biblical justification for anti-Semitism.” The word is nowhere in the article today. A reader today learns the Gospel account of Caiaphas’s role but not that it has been used historically to justify antisemitism.

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Caliphate State

Caliphate State is a Turkish Islamist group based in Cologne, Germany, banned by the German government in 2001. The opening snapshot from just before October 7, 2023 stated that “Metin Kaplan plead his innocence despite constantly praising the attack as a Jihad.” The opening today says only that the group is Turkish and Islamist and was banned in 2001, though the word survives 3 times in the body. A reader today learns the group was banned by Germany but not that its leader praised a violent attack as jihad while denying guilt.

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Cement Incident

The Cement Incident, a 1935 discovery of smuggled weapons in Jaffa, helped trigger the unrest that preceded the Arab revolt in Palestine. The 2015 opening described Sheikh Izz ad-Din al-Qassam as leader of the Black Hand, “an anti-Zionist and anti-British militant organisation.” The opening today omits this description of the Black Hand entirely, though the word survives once in the body. A reader today learns al-Qassam carried out incursions but not that the organization he led was explicitly anti-Zionist and militant.

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Center for Studies of the Holocaust and Religious Minorities

The Center for Studies of the Holocaust and Religious Minorities is a Norwegian research institution affiliated with the University of Oslo. The 2015 opening stated the center’s work “will extend to studies of antisemitism in and outside of Norway, in the past, present, and future.” The opening today describes it only as “a Norwegian research institution,” though the word survives twice in the body. A reader today learns the institution is affiliated with the University of Oslo but not that its own stated mission includes studying antisemitism.

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Central Council of Jews in Germany

The Central Council of Jews in Germany, founded in 1950, is the federation representing German Jews. The 2005 opening explained that its early community was “made up of Polish-born Jewish Holocaust survivors who had come to Germany as displaced persons, fleeing from the anti-semitic communist regime of Poland.” The opening today gives founding and membership figures without this history, though the word survives twice in the body. A reader today learns how many Jews live in Germany but not that many of the council’s founding community fled an antisemitic communist regime in Poland.

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Chibok schoolgirls kidnapping

In April 2014, Boko Haram kidnapped 276 schoolgirls from a school in Chibok, Nigeria. The 2015 opening identified Boko Haram as “an Islamic Jihadist and terrorist organization based in northeast Nigeria.” The opening today calls it only “the Islamist militant group Boko Haram,” though the word survives 3 times in the body. A reader today learns Boko Haram is Islamist and militant but not that it was described as a jihadist and terrorist organization.

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Choral Synagogue (Vilnius)

The Choral Synagogue is the only synagogue still in use in Vilnius, the rest destroyed or desecrated during World War II. Through 2020 the opening noted that a synagogue decision “coincided with a rise in antisemitic rhetoric related to public debate about honoring Lithuanian collaborators.” Today the opening carries the word zero times, though antisemitism survives twice in the body. A reader arriving now does not learn from the opening that the decision was tied to rising antisemitic rhetoric over honoring Lithuanian Holocaust collaborators.

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Christian–Jewish reconciliation

This article defines the effort at reconciliation between Christianity and Judaism. Through 2010 the opening said the effort aimed “to improve understanding of the Jewish people and of Judaism, to do away with Christian antisemitism and Jewish anti-Christian sentiment.” Today the opening defines the effort only as improving “understanding and acceptance,” antisemitism appearing zero times there though it survives 11 times in the body. A reader arriving now does not learn that the reconciliation effort’s own stated purpose was to do away with Christian antisemitism specifically.

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Concordia University Netanyahu riot

A 2002 riot at Concordia University shut down a scheduled Netanyahu speech, during which protesters subjected attendees to antisemitic slogans and physical attacks, including kicking a Holocaust survivor. Through 2015 the opening said someone “later accused the activists of supporting terrorism and ‘mad zealotry.’” Today the opening carries the word zero times, though terror survives once in the body. A reader arriving now does not learn that an accusation of supporting terrorism, and not just disruptive protest, was leveled at the activists who shut the event down.

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Cordoba Foundation

The Cordoba Foundation is a UK-based research and advisory group. Through 2020 the opening said “the group has been criticized for its links to organizations suspected of terrorist activities, such as the Muslim Brotherhood and Hamas.” Today the opening carries the word zero times, though terror survives four times in the body. A reader arriving now learns only the group’s own stated aim of “bridging the gap of understanding,” and not that it has been criticized for links to organizations suspected of terrorist activity, including Hamas.

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Çorum massacre

The Çorum massacre was a 1980 pogrom in Turkey in which ultranationalists killed as many as 57 people from the Alevi minority. Through 2020 the opening said “Islamist militants of the far-right Nationalist Movement Party (MHP) attacked a district where predominantly Alevi Turkish citizens live.” Today the opening calls the perpetrators “Turkist ultranationalists,” and militant appears zero times anywhere in the article. A reader arriving now does not learn that the attackers were described as Islamist militants, only that they were nationalists.

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Creative Community for Peace

Creative Community for Peace is a pro-Israel organization in Hollywood that counters BDS lobbying. In its earliest snapshot, at October 6 2023, the opening said it “is a pro-Israel organization which works to counter antisemitism and anti-Israel sentiment in the entertainment industry.” Today the opening drops antisemitism, keeping only “anti-Israel sentiment,” though antisemitism survives five times in the body. A reader arriving now learns the organization counters anti-Israel sentiment, and not that combating antisemitism is part of its own stated mission.

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Culture of Israel

This article traces the culture of Israel to Jewish history and the Zionist movement. Through 2010 the opening said it “mostly began as a response to the widespread antisemitism toward European Jewry.” Today the opening carries the word zero times, though antisemitism survives once in the body. A reader arriving now learns that Israeli culture is rooted in Jewish history and the Zionist movement, and not that it began largely as a response to antisemitism against European Jews.

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Czech Republic–Israel relations

This article covers Czech Republic-Israel diplomatic relations. Through 2010 the opening quoted a Czech official saying “I support the position that views Hamas as a terrorist organization.” Today the opening carries the word zero times, though terror survives twice in the body. A reader arriving now learns a history of 19th-century Czech-Jewish ties and postwar solidarity, and not that a Czech official explicitly affirmed the position that Hamas is a terrorist organization.

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Dahaniya

Dahaniya was a former Gaza Strip village evacuated in Israel’s 2005 disengagement. Through 2020 the opening said residents “collaborated with Israeli security forces in their efforts to locate terrorists, and families of collaborators from the West Bank and Gaza Strip joined the village.” Today the word appears nowhere in the article. A reader arriving now learns only the village’s location and evacuation date, and not that its residents collaborated with Israeli forces to locate terrorists.

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Dahieh

Dahieh is a predominantly Shia suburb of Beirut and Hezbollah’s stronghold. Through October 6 2023 the opening said it “is the Beirut stronghold of Shia militant group Hezbollah.” Today the opening calls Hezbollah a “Lebanese political party and paramilitary group,” and the word militant appears nowhere in the article. A reader arriving now learns Hezbollah is a political party and paramilitary group, and not that it is described as a Shia militant group.

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Dahiya doctrine

The Dahiya doctrine is an Israeli military strategy of large-scale destruction of civilian infrastructure to pressure hostile governments. Through 2010 the opening said a conventional army under this doctrine “targets civilian infrastructure that is used by terrorists.” Today the opening describes the same strategy as “domicide,” and terror survives six times in the body. A reader arriving now learns the doctrine is termed domicide, the destruction of civilian infrastructure, and not that its stated rationale is targeting infrastructure used by terrorists.

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Damascus affair

The Damascus affair of 1840 was a blood libel in which Jews were tortured until they falsely confessed to murder. Through 2005 the opening said events culminated “in a seizure of sixty-three Jewish children held hostages and mob attacks on Jewish communities throughout the Middle East.” Today the opening does not mention the children, though hostage survives twice in the body. A reader arriving now learns that Jews were tortured into false confessions and that antisemitic violence spread, and not that sixty-three Jewish children were specifically seized and held hostage.

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Daniel Pearl

Daniel Pearl was the American journalist kidnapped in Karachi and beheaded in 2002 while investigating alleged links between al-Qaeda and Richard Reid, the “Shoe Bomber.” As of October 6, 2023 the opening said his kidnapping was carried out by Islamist militants, and a separate line called him a journalist beheaded by terrorists. Today the word Islamist is gone from the opening, though it survives twice in the body, and the summary line now calls him a journalist beheaded by militants rather than terrorists. A reader arriving now learns he was taken by militants and does not learn that Wikipedia’s own opening once called this an Islamist and terrorist act.

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Daniel Romanovsky

Daniel Romanovsky was an Israeli historian whose defining scholarly focus, according to the 2015 opening, was anti-semitism and the Holocaust. Today the opening describes him only as a historian who contributed to the study of the Holocaust in the Soviet Union under German occupation, with antisemitism gone from the opening though the word survives three times in the body. A reader today learns he studied the Holocaust and does not learn that his stated area of expertise was antisemitism itself.

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Danish Islamic Council

The Danish Islamic Council is a Sunni Muslim organization in Denmark. Through 2015 the opening quoted the Council’s response to the 2015 Copenhagen attacks against secular and Jewish targets, pledging to unite in the fight against extremism and terrorism. Today the opening is a single sentence identifying the Council, with the Copenhagen attacks and its condemnation gone entirely, though terrorism survives once in the body. A reader today does not learn that the Council spoke out at all about the attacks on Jewish targets in its own country.

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Dansalan Bato Ali Mosque

The Dansalan Bato Ali Mosque in Marawi City, Philippines was among the structures seized during the 2017 siege of the city. As of October 6, 2023 the opening said the mosque was among the structures captured by ISIL affiliated Maute group militants. Today the opening is a single sentence naming the mosque’s location, with the 2017 siege and its capture by the Maute group gone entirely, though militants survives once in the body. A reader today does not learn that this mosque was seized by an ISIL-affiliated group in an armed siege.

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Darul Islam (Indonesia)

Darul Islam is an Islamist group in Indonesia whose offshoot waged a terrorism campaign in the 1970s and 1980s. Through 2010 the opening said there were occurrences of ‘Islamic’ terrorism attributed to a group known as Komando Jihad. Today the opening describes the group’s 1942 founding and its goal of imposing Shari’a law, with the Komando Jihad terrorism campaign gone from the opening though terrorism survives four times in the body. A reader today learns the group’s founding aims and does not learn from the opening that it produced a terrorism campaign decades later.

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Darul Uloom Deoband

Darul Uloom Deoband is the Islamic seminary in India where the Deobandi movement began. As of 2005 the opening said the seminary teaches an Islamist version of the religion. Today the opening describes it only as one of the most important Islamic seminaries in India and the largest in the world, with the Islamist characterization gone though the word survives once in the body. A reader today learns of its size and importance and does not learn that Wikipedia once described its teaching as Islamist.

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Data Darbar

Data Darbar is the largest Sufi shrine in South Asia, located in Lahore, Pakistan. Through 2015 the opening said there had been rising security fears in recent years after threats by Pakistan’s Taliban militants. Today the opening describes the shrine’s history and its up to one million annual visitors, with the Taliban threat gone from the article entirely. A reader today learns the shrine draws large crowds and does not learn it faced security threats from Pakistan’s Taliban.

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David Berger (weightlifter)

David Berger was one of eleven Israeli Olympians taken hostage and killed at the 1972 Munich Olympics. Through 2015 the opening said he was murdered by Arab terrorists at the Munich Olympic Games. Today the opening says he was killed by the Palestinian group Black September during the Munich massacre, with terrorists gone from the opening though the word survives twelve times in the body. A reader today learns the name of the group that killed him and does not learn that Wikipedia’s own opening once called them terrorists.

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David Pacifico

David Pacifico, known as Don Pacifico, was a Portuguese Jewish merchant whose home in Athens became central to a 19th century diplomatic crisis. Through 2015 the opening said his home was attacked and vandalised by an anti-Semitic mob that included the sons of a government minister, while police looked on and did nothing. Today the opening identifies him only as a merchant and diplomat who was the central figure in the Don Pacifico Affair, with the antisemitic mob attack gone entirely though the word survives three times in the body. A reader today does not learn that the international crisis bearing his name began with an antisemitic attack on his home.

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David Raziel

David Raziel was a founder of the Irgun in British Mandatory Palestine. Through 2010 the opening said that when the 1929 Hebron massacre broke out, he joined the Haganah in Jerusalem. Today the opening moves directly from his birth to his founding of the Irgun and wartime activity, with the Hebron massacre gone from the opening though the word survives once in the body. A reader today does not learn what prompted his entry into Zionist defense organizations.

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David Wyman

David Wyman was a historian who studied why the United States failed to rescue Jews during the Holocaust. Through 2020 the opening said that in Paper Walls he discussed the combination of antisemitism, nativistic nationalism, economic crisis and isolationism that made rescue inconceivable. Today the opening is reduced to his name, dates and university post, with his scholarship on antisemitism gone entirely though the word survives three times in the body. A reader today learns his job title and does not learn what he actually found, that antisemitism helped block the rescue of Jews.

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Djamel Beghal

Djamel Beghal is an Algerian convicted terrorist who, according to the 2015 opening, mentored fellow prisoners Chérif Kouachi of the Charlie Hebdo shooting and Amedy Coulibaly, who carried out the Fontenay-aux-Roses shooting and the Porte de Vincennes hostage crisis. Today the opening covers his 2001 arrest and torture allegations but says nothing about mentoring the men behind the January 2015 Paris attacks, and the word hostage is gone from the article entirely. A reader today does not learn that Beghal mentored the gunmen behind the Charlie Hebdo shooting and the Porte de Vincennes hostage crisis.

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Dolphinarium discotheque bombing

The Dolphinarium discotheque bombing was a June 2001 suicide attack on a Tel Aviv nightclub that killed 21 Israelis, 16 of them teenagers. Through 2020 the opening called it a Hamas terror attack carried out by a Hamas-affiliated Islamist terrorist. Today the opening says only that a Hamas-affiliated militant blew himself up outside the discotheque, with terror attack and Islamist terrorist gone from the opening though Islamist survives once in the body. A reader today learns a militant carried out a bombing and does not learn that Wikipedia’s own opening once called this a terror attack.

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Dov Lior

Dov Lior is a far-right Israeli Orthodox rabbi and dean of the Kiryat Arba Hesder Yeshiva, a longtime symbol of religious and nationalist extremism in Israel. Through 2010 the opening reported that he was barred from election to the Supreme Rabbinical Council after making statements suggesting captured Arab terrorists could be used to conduct medical experiments. Today the word terror survives twice elsewhere in the article, but the opening carries no mention of the barred election or the statement behind it. A reader arriving now learns of his support for mass murderer Baruch Goldstein and his comments on the 2015 Paris attacks, not that he was barred from a rabbinical council over a proposal to experiment on captured terrorists.

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Dzyatlava

Dzyatlava is a town in Belarus where the population was predominantly Jewish until World War II. Through 2015 the opening said about 1,500 Jews were killed near the town during the Diatłowo massacres in 1942. Today the word massacre survives once in the body, but the opening carries only the town’s location, administrative status and population figures. A reader arriving now learns the town’s 2025 population count, not that its Jewish community was wiped out by massacre in 1942.

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Education in Israel

Education in Israel is the country’s school and university system. Through October 6, 2023 the opening explained that for millennia medieval European antisemitism often forbade Jews from owning land and farming, limiting their career choices. Today the word antisemitism survives once in the body, but the opening carries only the tier structure of primary, middle and high school. A reader arriving now learns the grade ranges of Israeli schooling, not the antisemitism historically cited to explain Jewish educational and professional patterns.

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Egyptian Expeditionary Force

The Egyptian Expeditionary Force was the British Empire formation that fought the Ottomans in the Sinai and Palestine campaign of the First World War. Through 2010 the opening said the Ottoman Empire had declared a jihad against the Allies early in the war. Today the word appears nowhere in the article. A reader arriving now learns the force’s formation date and commander, not that the Ottomans framed their war against the Allies as a jihad.

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Ehud Barak

Ehud Barak is a former Israeli prime minister and IDF chief of staff. Through 2005 the opening said that during Operation Spring of Youth in 1973 he was disguised as a woman in order to gain access to terrorists. Today the word terror survives three times elsewhere in the article, but the opening names the operation without saying why he was disguised. A reader arriving now learns Barak took part in the 1973 Beirut raid, not that its purpose was to reach the terrorists it targeted.

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Ein Ofarim killings

The Ein Ofarim killings was a 1956 attack on Israeli Druze civilians. Through 2020 the opening called it a terrorist attack. Today the opening calls it an attack by Palestinian Fedayeen, though terror survives seven times in the body. A reader arriving now learns an attack happened and who carried it out, not that Wikipedia’s own opening once called it terrorist.

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Einsatzkommando Egypt

Einsatzkommando Egypt was the Nazi SS unit formed to carry out mass killing of the Jewish populations of Mandatory Palestine and Egypt. Through 2020 the opening said the Grand Mufti of Jerusalem Haj Amin al-Husseini played a role in antisemitic radio propaganda tied to the unit. Today the word appears nowhere in the article. A reader arriving now learns the unit’s staff size and planned targets, not the Grand Mufti’s role in the propaganda campaign behind it.

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Elhanan Tannenbaum

Elhanan Tannenbaum is an Israeli reserve officer who was captured by Hezbollah in 2000 and later released in a prisoner exchange. An earlier opening called Hezbollah the Lebanese terrorist group Hizbullah, and by 2020 the opening called it the Lebanese militant group Hezbollah. Today the word militant appears nowhere in the article, and the opening says only that he was captured by Hezbollah. A reader arriving now learns Tannenbaum was captured and later exchanged, not that Wikipedia once called Hezbollah a terrorist, then a militant, group.

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Eliezer ben Nathan

Eliezer ben Nathan was a medieval French Tosafist whose liturgical poetry expressed hatred toward the Christian crusaders and wrestled with why God allowed so many Jews to be massacred. Through 2005 that line appeared in the opening. Today the word massacre survives twice in the body, but the opening covers only his rabbinic lineage and the Troyes synod. A reader arriving now learns his family produced generations of rabbis, not that he chronicled the Crusade-era massacres of Jews.

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Eliot Engel

Eliot Engel is a former U.S. representative for New York who chaired the House Foreign Affairs Committee. Through 2005 the opening described a law under which Congress authorized penalties on Syria for its occupation of Lebanon and for its relationship with terrorist groups. Today the word terror survives twice elsewhere in the article, but the opening covers only his committee chairmanship and 2020 primary defeat. A reader arriving now learns Engel lost his seat to Jamaal Bowman, not that the opening once described legislation targeting Syria’s relationship with terrorist groups.

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Emad Akel

Emad Akel was a commander of Hamas’s Izz al-Din al-Qassam Brigades, killed by Israeli forces in 1993. Through October 6, 2023 the opening said Hamas released a two-hour biopic celebrating his life and martyrdom. Today the word martyr survives elsewhere in the article, but the opening is two sentences naming his role and his death. A reader arriving now learns he commanded the Qassam Brigades and was killed by the IDF, not that Hamas produced a film honoring him as a martyr, written by Hamas official Mahmoud al-Zahar.

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Ephraim Katzir

Ephraim Katzir was president of Israel from 1973 to 1978. Through 2005 the opening said his brother Aharon, a chemical physicist, was murdered in 1972 during the Lod Airport Massacre. Today the word massacre survives once elsewhere in the article, but the opening carries only his birth, death and years in office. A reader arriving now learns when Katzir served as president, not that his brother was killed in the 1972 Lod Airport Massacre.

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Ernest Bevin

Ernest Bevin was British Foreign Secretary from 1945 to 1951 and shaped postwar policy on Palestine. Through 2005 the opening said he was infuriated by Zionist acts of terrorism against British troops, which contributed to Britain yielding to American pressure and letting the United Nations determine Palestine’s future. Today the word terror survives three times elsewhere in the article, but the opening covers his trade union career and role founding NATO. A reader arriving now learns Bevin secured Marshall Aid and helped found NATO, not that his Palestine policy was shaped by Zionist terrorism against British forces.

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European Council for Fatwa and Research

The European Council for Fatwa and Research is a Dublin-based body of Islamic clerics presided over by Yusuf al-Qaradawi, tasked with issuing religious rulings for Muslims in Europe. Through 2005 the opening described it as an organization considered as belonging to the islamist tendency within the islamic world community. Today that description is gone from the article entirely, and islamist appears nowhere. A reader today learns who founded the council and who presides over it, and not the ideological tendency Wikipedia itself once said it belonged to.

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European Union Border Assistance Mission to Rafah

The EU Border Assistance Mission at Rafah is the EU’s civilian mission that monitored the Gaza-Egypt crossing, suspended after Hamas’s 2007 takeover of Gaza. Through 2010 the opening explained that the EU was unable to staff the crossing because it considers Hamas to be a terrorist organisation. Today the opening does not carry that designation at all, though terror survives once elsewhere in the article. A reader arriving now learns the mission was suspended after Hamas’s takeover, and not that the EU’s own terrorist designation of Hamas was the stated reason it could not operate the crossing.

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Evelyn Barker

Evelyn Barker was the British general who commanded forces in Palestine during the Palestine Emergency of 1946 to 1947. Through 2020 and October 2023 the opening said he is remembered for his antisemitism and his controversial order following the King David Hotel bombing. Today the opening instead says he is remembered for surviving assassination attempts during the insurgency, and antisemitism appears nowhere in the opening though it survives twice in the article body. A reader today learns Barker survived attempts on his life, and not that Wikipedia once said he is remembered for his antisemitism.

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Évian Conference

The Évian Conference was the 1938 meeting of 32 countries called to address the crisis of German and Austrian Jews fleeing Nazi persecution. Through 2015 the opening described the backdrop as Kristallnacht, when a pogrom across Germany brought the destruction of over 1,000 synagogues, massacres and the arbitrary arrest of tens of thousands of Jews. Today that sentence is gone from the opening, though massacre survives once elsewhere in the article. A reader today does not learn from the opening that Kristallnacht, the backdrop to the conference’s failure, involved massacres of Jews.

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Ezer Mizion

Ezer Mizion is the Israeli health organization that runs the world’s largest Jewish bone marrow donor registry. Through 2020 the opening said its specialized programs served special needs children, cancer patients and terror victims. Today the opening says only that it offers medical and social support to Israel’s sick, disabled and elderly, and terror does not appear there, though it survives once elsewhere in the article. A reader today does not learn from the opening that Ezer Mizion specifically serves victims of terror attacks.

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Fatwa

Fatwa is the general article on Islamic legal rulings. Through 2005 the opening’s example was Osama bin Laden’s 1998 fatwa, issued with Ayman al-Zawahiri in the name of the World Islamic Front for Jihad Against Jews and Crusaders, declaring the killing of Americans and their allies an individual duty. Today the opening carries no mention of bin Laden’s fatwa at all, and jihad does not appear there though it survives 12 times elsewhere in the article. A reader today learns what a fatwa is in the abstract, and not that the article once opened with a fatwa whose declared purpose was jihad against Jews.

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Folke Bernadotte

Folke Bernadotte was the Swedish diplomat who negotiated the release of thousands of prisoners from Nazi concentration camps before being appointed UN mediator in the 1947 to 1948 Arab-Israeli conflict. Through 2015 the opening said he was assassinated in Jerusalem in 1948 by the militant Zionist group Lehi. Today the opening calls Lehi a paramilitary Zionist group instead, and militant does not appear there though it survives five times elsewhere in the article. A reader today learns Lehi was a paramilitary organization, and not that Wikipedia once called the group that assassinated a UN mediator militant.

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Force 17

Force 17 was the Fatah commando and special operations unit founded by Ali Hassan Salameh. Through 2010 the opening said that during the Second Intifada, Force 17 or its members were tasked with acquiring arms for groups loyal to Arafat and with carrying out terror attacks or resisting Israeli incursions into Palestinian Authority territory. Today the opening says only that the unit was formed in the early 1970s and initially housed on Al-Fakhani Street in Beirut, and terror does not appear there though it survives four times elsewhere in the article. A reader today does not learn from the opening that Force 17 members carried out terror attacks during the Second Intifada.

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Futuh

Futūh names the early Arab-Muslim conquests that spread Islam and Islamic civilization across Egypt, Syria and Mesopotamia. Through 2005 the opening called them ‘the early Arab-Muslim jihad conquests which facilitated the spread of Islam and Islamic civilization.’ Today the opening drops jihad entirely and calls them simply ‘the early Arab-Muslim conquests,’ though the word survives once in the body. A reader today learns that Arab armies conquered these lands and not that classical Islamic literature named the conquests jihad.

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Gail Rubin

Gail Rubin was an American photographer murdered in the 1978 Coastal Road massacre. Through October 6 2023 the opening called it ‘a 1978 terrorist attack that became known as the Coastal Road massacre.’ Today the opening calls it only ‘a 1978 attack that became known as the Coastal Road massacre,’ though terror survives six times elsewhere in the article. A reader today learns she was killed by PLO members in an attack and not that Wikipedia’s own opening once called that attack terrorist.

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Galilee Panhandle

The Galilee panhandle is a geopolitical strip of northern Israel that Lebanon has not officially claimed but that Lebanon-based armed groups have used as a pretext for conflict. Through 2010 the opening said the territory ‘continues to offer a casus belli for militant groups based in Lebanon, although the Lebanese government has not officially claimed the territory.’ Today the opening carries no mention of this at all, and the word is nowhere in the article. A reader today learns only the region’s geography and towns, not that Lebanon-based militant groups have treated it as grounds for conflict.

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Gavriel Holtzberg

Gavriel Holtzberg was the Chabad rabbi murdered with his wife in the November 2008 Mumbai attacks. Through 2010 the opening said the couple ‘were murdered by Pakistani Islamic terrorists in the November 2008 attacks in Mumbai.’ Today the opening calls the killers ‘the Islamic militant group Lashkar-e-Taiba,’ though terror survives nine times elsewhere in the article. A reader today learns the name of the group and not that Wikipedia’s own opening once called its members terrorists.

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Gaza Baptist Church

Gaza Baptist Church is one of only three Christian churches left in Gaza, whose leader was murdered in 2007. Through 2020 the opening said that after ‘the murder of a Church leader by unidentified militants in 2007, a number of others were advised by the Gaza authorities to leave Gaza for their own safety.’ Today the opening carries no mention of that murder, though the word survives once elsewhere in the body. A reader today learns the church’s pastor fled after Israeli bombing in 2008 and not that its leader had already been murdered by militants the year before.

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Gaza Division

The Gaza Division is the IDF unit responsible for the Israel-Gaza border. Through 2020 the opening said it ‘has repeatedly entered the Gaza Strip in response to rocket attacks from Palestinian militant groups based in Gaza.’ Today the opening states only the division’s area of operation and its commander, with the word surviving once elsewhere in the body. A reader today learns the division patrols the Gaza border and not that its incursions were described as responses to rocket attacks from Palestinian militant groups.

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Gaza Street bus bombing

A Palestinian suicide bomber killed eleven passengers and wounded over fifty on a Jerusalem bus in January 2004. Through 2010 the opening said ‘Both the Al Aqsa Martyrs’ Brigades and Hamas claimed responsibility for the attack,’ naming the bomber as a 24-year-old Palestinian policeman. Today the opening names neither group, though martyr survives three times elsewhere in the article. A reader today learns the casualty count and not which organizations claimed responsibility for the bombing.

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General Union of Palestinian Students

The General Union of Palestinian Students (GUPS) is a Palestinian student organization founded in the 1920s and relaunched in Cairo in 1959. Through October 6 2023 the opening said ‘Several Palestinian politicians, writers, journalists and militants have been members or leaders of the GUPS.’ Today the opening carries no mention of militants among its ranks, though the word survives once elsewhere in the body. A reader today learns of GUPS’s role in Palestinian organizational life and not that militants were counted among its past leaders and members.

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George Mosse

George Mosse was a Jewish-American historian who fled Nazi Germany and became a leading scholar of Nazism. Through 2005 the opening said he ‘frequently wrote about Nazi Germany, Fascism, anti-Semitism, and Jewish history.’ Today the opening credits him only with ‘studies of Nazism’ and books on constitutional history, Protestant theology and masculinity, though antisemitism survives three times elsewhere in the body. A reader today learns the range of his other scholarship and not that antisemitism itself was a named subject of his work.

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Gerald M. Steinberg

Gerald M. Steinberg is an Israeli political scientist and the founder of NGO Monitor. Through 2010 the opening listed him as ‘member of the Steering Committee of Forum on Antisemitism at the Office of the Prime Minister.’ Today the opening describes only his academic post and his founding of NGO Monitor, and the word is nowhere in the article. A reader today learns what think tank he founded and not that he served on Israel’s official Forum on Antisemitism.

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Ghulam Ahmed Perwez

Ghulam Ahmed Parwez was an Indian-Pakistani Islamic scholar known for challenging established Sunni doctrine. Through 2010 the opening said ‘He was the first to declare this political party as a Terrorist organization,’ among a list of his specific positions and criticisms. Today the opening describes only his general challenge to religious orthodoxy, though terrorist survives three times elsewhere in the body. A reader today learns he interpreted Quranic themes with a logical approach and not that he was credited as the first to label a political party a terrorist organization.

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Girona Synagogue

The Girona Synagogue in Catalonia, Spain was desecrated and looted following the Massacre of 1391, one of the medieval pogroms against Spanish Jews. As of the October 6 2023 snapshot the opening said ‘Following the Massacre of 1391, the synagogue was desecrated and looted, however in 1415, Ferdinand I of Aragon ordered that the synagogue be restored to the Jews.’ Today the opening carries no mention of the massacre, describing only the building’s current use as a museum, though the word survives once elsewhere in the body. A reader today learns the building houses a Jewish museum and not that it was desecrated following a massacre of Jews.

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Givati Brigade

The Givati Brigade is an IDF infantry brigade that, as of 2020, described its Gaza Strip deployment as primarily conducting counter-terrorism operations. The opening said the brigade ‘is stationed within the Gaza Strip and primarily performs counter-terrorism operations.’ Today the opening describes the brigade’s 1948 war operations capturing Palestinian villages instead, with terror surviving twice elsewhere in the body. A reader today learns of the brigade’s role in 1948 and not that its stated Gaza Strip mission was counter-terrorism.

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Glen Jenvey

Glen Jenvey is a British man who claims to have infiltrated Islamic extremist groups, including through a friendship with the cleric Omar Bakri Mohammed. Through 2010 the opening described his having ‘made friends with radical islamist Omar Bakri.’ Today the word islamist is nowhere in the article, though the opening still references Jenvey’s ties to extremist figures such as Abu Hamza al-Masri. A reader today learns Jenvey claims contact with extremist figures and not that Wikipedia’s own opening once specifically named Omar Bakri a radical Islamist.

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Golden Rule

The Golden Rule article covers the ethical principle of treating others as one wishes to be treated, as expressed across world religions. Through 2005 the opening said ‘The Quran teaches to slay the unbelievers, fight them and show them harshness, smite their heads and instill terror in their hearts.’ Today that passage and its citations are nowhere in the article. A reader today learns the Golden Rule appears in the tenets of most religions and not that the article once quoted specific Quran verses commanding believers to instill terror in unbelievers’ hearts.

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Gothenburg Synagogue

The Gothenburg Synagogue in Sweden was firebombed in December 2017 while a youth event was underway inside. Through October 6 2023 the opening said ‘The attack was condemned as antisemitic by mayor Ann-Sofie Hermansson.’ Today the opening describes only the building’s architecture and history, with the word surviving twice elsewhere in the body. A reader today learns the synagogue was designed by August Krüger in 1855 and not that it was firebombed in 2017 in an attack the city’s mayor called antisemitic.

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Great Maharsha Synagogue

The Great Maharsha Synagogue in Ostroh, Ukraine, a building damaged twice by violence against Jews. As of October 6 2023 the opening said the synagogue “was damaged during the Khmelnytsky massacres and centuries later, once again, during the Holocaust.” Today the word appears 0 times in the opening, though it survives once in the body. A reader today does not learn from the opening that the building was damaged during the Khmelnytsky massacres, the seventeenth century mass killing of Jews.

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Great Synagogue of Marseille

The Great Synagogue of Marseille, where in September 2018 former French president Nicolas Sarkozy spoke to denounce antisemitism. As of October 6 2023 the opening said Sarkozy “spoke at the synagogue to denounce antisemitism.” Today the word appears 0 times in the opening, though it survives once in the article body. A reader today does not learn that a former French president publicly denounced antisemitism at this synagogue in 2018.

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Greece–Israel relations

Greece-Israel relations, historically strained over what Israel saw as Greek favoritism toward the Arab side and tolerance of people Israel regarded as terrorists. The 2010 opening noted “tolerance towards individuals whom Israel considers to be terrorists (particularly under Andreas Papandreou).” Today the word appears 0 times in the opening, though it survives once in the body. A reader today does not learn that Israel historically criticized Greece for tolerating people it considered terrorists.

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Green Lane Masjid

Green Lane Masjid, a Birmingham mosque that Channel 4’s Dispatches documentary Undercover Mosques investigated for extremist preaching. Through 2015 the opening said the mosque “featured in Channel 4’s Dispatches programme Undercover Mosques, which documented Islamist extremism in British mosques including preachers advocating violence, anti-semitism, sexism and homophobia.” Today the word appears 0 times in the opening, though it survives once in the body. A reader today does not learn that an investigative documentary recorded preachers at this mosque advocating antisemitism.

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Habib Elghanian

Habib Elghanian, the Iranian Jewish businessman and community leader who was the first Jew executed after the 1979 Iranian Revolution, on charges including Zionism and friendship with the enemies of God. The 2020 opening called him the first Jewish businessman “executed by the new Islamist regime.” That phrase is gone from the opening today, which instead says he was executed by “the Council of the Islamic Revolution,” though the word survives once elsewhere in the article. A reader today does not learn that Wikipedia’s own opening once described post-revolutionary Iran directly as an Islamist regime.

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Hadassah (organization)

Hadassah, the American Jewish women’s organization that funds hospitals in Jerusalem through the Hadassah Medical Organization. The 2015 opening said the new Sarah Wetsman Davidson Hospital Tower included “5 below-ground floors for protection from terrorist attacks.” Today the word appears 0 times in the opening, though it survives once in the body. A reader today does not learn that the hospital’s underground floors were built specifically to protect patients from terrorist attacks.

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Hadith of black flags

The hadith of black flags, an Islamic apocalyptic tradition about an army bearing black banners, whose black flag imagery modern jihadist organizations including ISIS have adopted. Through October 6 2023 the opening said the Black Standard “as used by various Islamist organisations (since the late 1990s) consists of a white-on-black shahada.” The word appears nowhere in the article today. A reader today does not learn that modern Islamist organizations have used this apocalyptic flag symbolism since the late 1990s.

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Haifa bus 37 suicide bombing

The 2003 Hamas suicide bombing of a bus in Haifa that killed 17 people, many of them university students. Through October 6 2023 the opening called Hamas “the Palestinian Islamist militant organization Hamas.” That phrase is gone today; the opening now says only that “Hamas claimed responsibility for the attack.” A reader today learns Hamas claimed the bombing and not that Wikipedia’s own opening once identified Hamas as an Islamist militant organization.

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Haim Arlosoroff

Haim Arlosoroff, the Labour Zionist leader and head of the Jewish Agency’s Political Department, assassinated on a Tel Aviv beach in 1933. The 2005 opening said Anti-Semitism forced his family to leave Russia and settle in Germany following a pogrom in 1905. Today the word appears 0 times in the opening, though it survives twice in the body. A reader today does not learn that Arlosoroff’s family fled Russia because of antisemitism, following a pogrom in 1905.

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Hamas–UNRWA Holocaust dispute

The 2009 dispute in which Hamas, which governs Gaza, denounced UNRWA’s plan to teach Holocaust history, calling the Holocaust “a lie made up by the Zionists.” Through October 6 2023 the opening called it the “Militant Islamic movement Hamas, which controls the Gaza Strip.” The word appears nowhere in the article today; the opening now calls Hamas “the Palestinian nationalist and Islamist movement… the de-facto government in the Israeli-occupied Gaza Strip.” A reader today learns Hamas is described as Gaza’s government and not that Wikipedia’s own opening once called it a militant movement.

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Hamastan

Hamastan, the pejorative term blending Hamas with the Persian suffix for a homeland, describing Hamas’s governance of Gaza. Through October 6 2023 the opening described Hamas as “a Palestinian militant organization and political party.” The word appears nowhere in the article today; the opening now calls Hamas “a Palestinian political party with a military wing.” A reader today learns Hamas has a military wing and not that Wikipedia’s own opening once called it a militant organization outright.

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Hamza bin Laden

Hamza bin Laden, the al-Qaeda member and son of Osama bin Laden, reportedly killed in a 2019 US counterterrorism operation. As of October 6 2023 the opening described him as “Islamist terrorist and son of Osama bin Laden.” That description is gone from the article today; the opening now calls him “Member of al-Qaeda (1989 – 2017/2019).” A reader today learns he was a member of al-Qaeda and not that Wikipedia’s own opening once called him an Islamist terrorist outright.

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Hanadi Jaradat

Hanadi Jaradat, the Islamic Jihad member who killed 21 people, including four Israeli children, in a 2003 suicide bombing at a Haifa restaurant. The 2005 opening described Islamic Jihad as “an Islamist militant group that the US, EU and Israel refer to as a terrorist organization.” Today the word appears 0 times in the opening, though it survives once in the body. A reader today does not learn that the United States, European Union and Israel all formally designate Islamic Jihad a terrorist organization.

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Hassan al-Turabi

Hassan al-Turabi, the Sudanese Islamist leader behind the 1989 coup who imposed Sharia law and whose government hosted Osama bin Laden. The 2010 opening described a period shaped by “punishment for Sudan’s assistance to Egyptian terrorists in their attempt to assassinate” the Egyptian president. Today the word appears 0 times in the opening, though it survives six times in the body. A reader today does not learn from the opening that Sudan was sanctioned specifically for backing the terrorists behind an assassination attempt.

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Hatzor Airbase

Hatzor Airbase is an Israeli Air Force base near Ashdod that was previously an RAF airfield under the British Mandate. Through 2010 the opening said that on the night of 25 February 1946, “Irgun militants attacked the airbase and destroyed several parked RAF Halifax transports.” Today the opening carries no mention of that attack at all; the word survives once elsewhere in the article. A reader today learns the base has hosted Israeli fighter pilots and a joint US-Israel operations center, and not that Irgun fighters once attacked it and destroyed several British aircraft.

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Heeb

Heeb is an American Jewish magazine and website whose name deliberately reclaims a slur for Jews. Through 2005 the opening said the name was “a variation of the anti-Semitic ethnic slur hebe.” Today the opening calls it only “a reference to the ethnic slur ‘heeb,’ an abbreviation of Hebrew”; the word survives twice elsewhere in the article. A reader today learns the name comes from a slur, and not that Wikipedia once specifically called that slur antisemitic.

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Herbert Danby

Herbert Danby was an Anglican priest and Oxford professor credited with changing Christian attitudes toward Judaism. Through 2005 the opening said, “His contributions to the decline of anti-semitism in intellectual circles in the twentieth century was very significant.” Today the opening credits him only with playing a role “in the change of attitudes toward Judaism”; the word survives once elsewhere in the article. A reader today learns he changed attitudes toward Judaism, and not that his specific contribution was fighting antisemitism.

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Herut

Herut was Menachem Begin’s conservative nationalist party, the direct predecessor of Likud. Through 2020 the opening said the party’s “existence was opposed by various notable Jewish figures as ‘fascist’ and ‘terrorist’ party.” Today the opening carries neither word, though terror survives once in the body. A reader today learns Herut was a Revisionist Zionist party that merged into Likud, and not that prominent Jewish figures once publicly denounced it as terrorist.

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Hish (Haganah corps)

Hish was the Haganah’s main surface corps, the pre-state Jewish defense militia in Mandatory Palestine. Through 2010 the opening said its Plugot Meyuhadot special companies were formed “to wage a counter terror war against the Arabs.” Today the opening carries no mention of that counter-terror mission; the word survives once elsewhere in the article. A reader today learns Hish was the Haganah’s main surface corps alongside Him and the Palmach, and not that its special units were created specifically to counter terror attacks.

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Hisham Kabbani

Hisham Kabbani was a Lebanese-American Sufi Muslim scholar known for opposing radical currents within Islam. Through 2005 the opening said he criticized organizations “for supporting radical Islamism.” Today the opening says only that he “counseled and advised Muslim leaders to build community resilience against violent extremism”; the word appears nowhere in the article. A reader today learns he opposed generic violent extremism, and not that he specifically named and criticized radical Islamism.

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History of Israel

History of Israel is the overview article covering the country’s history from prehistory to the present. Through 2010 the opening said Israel’s democracy “prospered despite war, ethno-religious conflict, boycotts, mass immigration and terror attacks.” Today the opening carries no such summary sentence, and the word appears nowhere in the article. A reader today learns Israel’s history spans Ottoman rule, the British Mandate and independence, and not that its overview once explicitly named terror attacks among the hardships its democracy survived.

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History of the Israel Defense Forces

This article covers the founding and history of the Israel Defense Forces. Through 2005 the opening quoted the IDF’s mandate “to protect the inhabitants of Israel and to combat all forms of terrorism which threaten daily life.” Today the opening carries none of that founding mandate; the word survives eight times in the body. A reader today learns only that the IDF’s history is intertwined with the Haganah’s, and not that combating terrorism was written into the IDF’s own stated founding purpose.

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History of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict

This article is the overview of the decades-long conflict between Israelis and Palestinians. At the October 6, 2023 snapshot the opening said the conflict “has been marked by violence, including terrorist attacks by Palestinian militants and military operations by Israel.” Today the opening carries no mention of terrorism at all, describing only the conflict’s 19th-century origins and the Balfour Declaration; the word survives 27 times in the body. A reader today does not learn that terrorist attacks were ever named as a defining feature of the conflict in the article’s own opening.

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History of the Jews in Cologne

This article covers one of Europe’s oldest Jewish communities, documented in Cologne since the 4th century. Through 2020 the opening said the community “has suffered persecutions, many expulsions, massacres and destruction.” Today the opening says the Crusades “put an end to peaceful coexistence” but does not name massacres; the word survives twice in the body. A reader today learns coexistence ended, and not that the community’s history is defined in part by massacres.

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History of the Jews in Qatar

This article covers the history of Qatar’s small Jewish community and its diaspora presence. Through 2010 the opening said “the Anti-Defamation League has protested the existence of antisemitic stereotypes in Qatar’s newspapers.” Today the opening describes only kosher food produced during the 2022 World Cup and a rabbi’s periodic visits; the word survives elsewhere in the article. A reader today learns Qatar accommodates kosher visitors, and not that the ADL documented antisemitic stereotypes in the country’s press.

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Hizb ut-Tahrir

Hizb ut-Tahrir is a pan-Islamist organization whose stated aim is to re-establish the Islamic caliphate and implement sharia globally. Through 2010 the opening said the group works to create an atmosphere conducive to terrorism by preaching hatred and by actions such as calling suicide bombers “martyrs”. Today the opening does not carry that description, and the word martyr does not appear there at all, though it survives seven times in the body. A reader arriving now learns of the group’s caliphate ambitions and not that Wikipedia’s opening once tied the group to glorifying suicide bombers.

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Homeland for the Jewish people

This article covers the idea of a homeland for the Jewish people, the movement now known as Zionism. Through 2010 the opening said the idea rose to the fore in the 19th century in the wake of growing anti-Semitism and Jewish assimilation. Today the word does not appear anywhere in the article, and the opening instead traces the aspiration to religious redemption since the destruction of the First Temple. A reader arriving now learns of a religious yearning and not that 19th century antisemitism was named as a driver of the movement for a Jewish homeland.

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Homicide in Israeli law

This article covers how Israeli law classifies different types of homicide. Through 2015 the opening said two particular characteristics of homicide in Israel are the terrorist attacks and (so called) honor killings. Today the opening has been stripped to bare murder statistics and a count of homicide types, and the word terror does not appear there though it survives twice in the body. A reader arriving now learns Israel’s 2004 murder count and not that terrorist attacks were once named as one of the two defining characteristics of Israeli homicide.

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HonestReporting

HonestReporting is an organization that monitors media coverage of Israel. Through 2020 the opening’s own short description called it an “Anti-semitic media monitoring organization” that monitors the media for bias against Israel. Today that description is gone, replaced by “Pro-Israel media monitoring organization,” and the word antisemitism does not appear in the opening though it survives seven times in the body. A reader arriving now learns the group calls itself pro-Israel and not that Wikipedia once described its function in terms of monitoring antisemitism.

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Hosay

Hosay is a Caribbean Islamic commemoration of Ashura, observed with parades in Trinidad and Tobago. Through 2010 the opening said that day is commonly referred to in Trinidad history as the Muhurram Massacre by Indians and as the Hosay Riots in British and colonial records. Today the opening carries neither name, though massacre survives twice in the body. A reader arriving now learns of a festival and mausoleum-shaped floats and not that Indians in Trinidad called the day a massacre while British colonial records called it a riot.

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Human shield

A human shield is a civilian placed around a military target to deter an attack on it. Through 2005 the opening said international law considers the use of human shields to protect targets a war crime. Today the opening does not carry that designation, though the words war crime survive eleven times in the body. A reader arriving now learns what a human shield is and not that international law classifies its use as a war crime.

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Husayn ibn Ali

Husayn ibn Ali was the grandson of Muhammad and the third Imam of Shia Islam, killed at the Battle of Karbala. Through 2005 the opening said Husayn, most of his family, and 72 of his companions were massacred at the battle. Today the opening ends with Husayn accompanying Ali in wars and does not describe his death at all, though massacred survives once elsewhere in the article. A reader arriving now learns of his lineage and early life and not that he and his companions were killed en masse at Karbala.

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Husiatyn (Hasidic dynasty)

Husiatyn is a Ukrainian Hasidic dynasty whose founder had visions of what would befall the Jewish people. Through 2010 the opening said that as a result of the increased anti-Semitism he had witnessed, including being a victim of stone throwers on a Viennese street, he had these visions. Today the opening is two sentences naming the dynasty’s founder and location, and the word does not appear there, though it survives once elsewhere in the article. A reader arriving now learns where the dynasty is located and not that its founder’s warnings were tied to his own experience of antisemitic violence.

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Hussam Abdo

Hussam Abdo is a Palestinian who, at fourteen, attempted a suicide bombing at the Hawara Checkpoint in 2004 with explosives strapped to his body. Through 2005 the opening noted he may belong to al-Aqsa Martyrs’ Brigades, listed by the US Department of State as a terrorist group, which claimed responsibility for the attack. Today the opening describes the attempted bombing but not the group’s US terrorist designation, though the word terror survives three times in the body. A reader arriving now learns the mechanics of the attempted attack and not that the US government designated the group behind it a terrorist organization.

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Huwara

Huwara is a Palestinian town in the West Bank that became a flashpoint after a shooting attack near it. Through October 6, 2023 the opening said the attack was denounced by Israel but was praised by Palestinian militant groups. Today that sentence is gone from the opening, and the word militant survives only in the general description of the town as a flashpoint, appearing three times in the body. A reader arriving now learns the town sits on a road to Israeli settlements and not that Palestinian militant groups praised the attack that triggered the events there.

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IDF Caterpillar D9

The IDF Caterpillar D9 is an armored bulldozer used by the Israel Defense Forces. Through October 6, 2023 the opening said it is operated by the IDF Combat Engineering Corps for combat engineering and counter-terrorism operations. Today the phrase is gone from the opening, which instead states the bulldozers have been used to demolish thousands of Palestinian homes in Gaza. A reader arriving now learns of the demolitions the equipment has carried out and not that the IDF states its purpose includes counter-terrorism operations.

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IDF field hospital for Gazans

The Israel Defense Forces opened a field hospital at Erez Crossing in 2014 for sick and injured Palestinians from Gaza. Through 2015 the opening said the IDF had urged civilians in northern Gaza to flee before intensifying the operation against the terror regime in Gaza. Today that characterization is gone from the opening entirely. A reader arriving now learns why and when the hospital opened and not that the opening once described the IDF’s characterization of Hamas’s government in Gaza as a terror regime.

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IDF outpost bombing attack (December 2004)

The 2004 IDF outpost bombing attack killed five Bedouin IDF soldiers at a border outpost between Gaza and Egypt. Through 2015 the opening called it an integrated terrorist attack carried out on 12 December 2004 by a Palestinian militant squad. Today the same sentence calls it an integrated attack, and the word terrorist is gone from the opening’s description of the attack, though terror survives twice in the body. A reader arriving now learns who carried out the attack and not that the opening’s own words once classified it as a terrorist attack.

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If Americans Knew

If Americans Knew is a nonprofit critical of US financial and military support for Israel. Through October 6, 2023 the opening said it has been denounced as antisemitic by both pro- and anti-Israel groups. Today that sentence is gone from the opening, though antisemitism survives eight times in the body. A reader arriving now learns the group’s positions on US media coverage and not that it has been denounced as antisemitic by groups on both sides of the Israel debate.

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Imi Lichtenfeld

Imi Lichtenfeld is the Hungarian-born Israeli martial artist who developed Krav Maga after his own experience defending Bratislava’s Jewish community. Through 2005 the opening said Anti-Semitic riots threatend the Jewish Population of Bratislava in the late 1930s. Today the opening carries neither the riots nor the word, though antisemitism survives three times in the body. A reader arriving now learns Lichtenfeld became a martial artist and not the antisemitic violence tied to his early life.

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Inayat Bunglawala

Inayat Bunglawala was media secretary of the Muslim Council of Britain and a co-presenter on the Islam Channel. Through 2015 the opening described him as an activist for Islamist concerns who joined The Young Muslims UK in 1987. Today the opening says only that he joined The Young Muslims UK, and the word Islamist does not appear anywhere in the article. A reader arriving now learns Bunglawala joined a Muslim youth group and not what kind of activism he was known for.

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India–Palestine relations

This article tracks India’s diplomatic relations with Palestine, formalized with the PLO in 1974. Through 2020 the opening explained that the alliance grew when the rise of Islamist anti-state activities in both countries paved the way for a strategic alliance. Today the opening credits the relationship to India’s independence struggle against British colonialism and says nothing about Islamist activity in either country. A reader arriving now learns India supported Palestinian self-determination and not the security calculus the opening itself once gave for the alliance.

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Intelligence and Terrorism Information Center

The Intelligence and Terrorism Information Center is an Israel-based research group with close ties to the Israel Defense Forces. Through 2010 the opening stated its own focus as the Palestinian Authority relationship with terrorism, anti-Jewish and anti-Israeli incitement. Today the opening says only that its reports on the Israeli-Palestinian conflict have received media attention, and the word terrorism does not appear anywhere in the article. A reader arriving now learns the center gets media attention and not what the center itself says it researches.

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Iosif Amusin

Iosif Amusin was a Soviet historian and orientalist who specialized in the Ancient Near East and Qumran studies. Through 2020 the opening said he taught in Leningrad until the anti-Semitic campaign against the so called “cosmopolitanism” cost him his job. Today the opening ends with his fields of study, and the antisemitic campaign is gone, though antisemitism survives twice in the body. A reader arriving now learns what Amusin studied and not the antisemitic campaign that ended his teaching post.

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Iran–Palestine relations

This article covers Iran’s diplomatic relations with the Palestinian territories, including Iran’s ties to Hamas since it took power in Gaza. Through 2010 the opening described Hamas is a militant and political organization currently in power in the Gaza Strip. Today the opening discusses statements by Khamenei and Ahmadinejad on Palestine without characterizing Hamas at all, though militant survives once in the body. A reader arriving now learns what Iran’s leaders have said about a Palestinian state and not what the opening itself once called the organization Iran backs in Gaza.

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Isaac Aboab da Fonseca

Isaac Aboab da Fonseca was a rabbi and kabbalist who led Amsterdam’s Portuguese-Jewish community and later excommunicated Baruch Spinoza. Through 2010 the opening said his family’s conversion to Christianity did not put an end to local antisemitic suspicions. Today the opening says nothing about the conversion or the suspicion it drew, though antisemitism survives once in the body. A reader arriving now learns Aboab da Fonseca was a rabbi in Amsterdam and not the antisemitism his family faced after converting.

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Islam in Pakistan

This article covers Islam’s role in Pakistan, including General Zia-ul-Haq’s Islamization drive. Through 2015 the opening said Zia nurtured the jihadist ideology in defining Pakistan as an Islamic state. Today the opening is a demographic breakdown of Sunni and Shia populations, and jihad appears three times in the body rather than the opening. A reader arriving now learns Pakistan’s sectarian percentages and not what the opening once said about Zia’s promotion of jihadist ideology.

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Islam in Solomon Islands

Islam in Solomon Islands is a minority religion practiced by a few hundred people in a mostly Christian country. Through 2010 the opening reported the Finance Minister’s claim that Islamic militants from Indonesia had tried recruiting young Solomon Islanders for training camps in Indonesia. Today the opening covers only the religion’s arrival and its Ahmadiyya and Sunni branches, and militant appears nowhere in the article. A reader arriving now learns when Islam reached the Solomon Islands and not the recruitment claim the opening once reported.

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Islam Net

Islam Net is a Norwegian Islamic organisation founded by Fahad Qureshi in 2008. The 2015 opening recorded that after the Charlie Hebdo attack, Qureshi tore up a magazine drawing to express his support for the terrorists. Today the word terror appears nowhere in the article, count zero. A reader today does not learn that Islam Net’s founder publicly declared support for the Charlie Hebdo attackers.

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Islamic Action Organisation

The Islamic Action Organisation is a Shia Islamist political party in Iraq founded in the 1960s by cleric Mohammed Taqi al-Modarresi. The 2005 opening said it “was the first of the Shi’ite opposition groups to turn to using terrorism against the Baathist regime.” Today the word terror appears nowhere in the article. A reader today learns the party opposed the Baathist government and does not learn that Wikipedia once described that opposition as a terrorist campaign.

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Islamic Dawa Party

The Islamic Dawa Party is an Iraqi Shia Islamist movement now led by former prime minister Nouri Al-Maliki. Through 2010 the opening said, “Al-Dawa rose to prominence in the 1970s when it waged a terrorist campaign against the Iraqi government.” Today that sentence is gone from the opening, though terror survives five times in the article. A reader today learns the party backed the Iranian Revolution and Hezbollah’s development and does not learn it rose to prominence through a terrorist campaign against Iraq’s government.

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Islamic Dawah Organisation of Afghanistan

The Islamic Dawah Organization of Afghanistan is a political party led by Abdul Rasul Sayyaf, once part of the US and Pakistan backed mujahedin coalition. Through 2010 the opening said that on February 11, 1993, “its forces took part in a series of massacres and rapes on members of the Hazara ethnic minority in west Kabul along with Jamiat Islami forces.” Today the word massacre appears nowhere in the article. A reader today learns the organization was part of a US-backed coalition against Soviet forces and does not learn its forces took part in massacres and rapes of Hazara civilians in Kabul in 1993.

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Islamic Democratic Party (Maldives)

The Islamic Democratic Party was a political party in the Maldives active from 2005 to 2013. Through 2015 the opening called it “an Islamist political party from the Maldives.” Today the opening calls it only “an Islamic political party,” the word Islamist surviving once elsewhere in the article. A reader today learns the party was Islamic and not that Wikipedia’s own text once classified it, in Wikipedia’s own words, as Islamist.

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Islamic Fun

Islamic Fun is a 1999 UK video game whose “Resistance” minigame let players throw rocks at Israeli tanks. Through 2015 the opening said the game’s trivia questions “seemed designed to promote an Islamist world view.” Today that characterization is gone from the opening, though the word survives five times in the article. A reader today learns the game let players throw rocks at Israeli tanks and does not learn Wikipedia’s own assessment that its questions were designed to promote an Islamist world view.

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Islamic Jihad Organization

The Islamic Jihad Organization was a Lebanese Shia militia behind the 1983 bombings of the US embassy and MNF peacekeeping barracks in Beirut. Through 2015 the opening called it “a Shia Islamist militia known for its activities in the 1980s.” Today the opening calls it only “a Lebanese Shia militia,” the word Islamist surviving three times in the body. A reader today learns the militia was Shia and does not learn that Wikipedia’s own text once called it Islamist.

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Islamic Party of Britain

The Islamic Party of Britain was a UK political party active from 1989 to 2006. Through 2015 the opening said, “The IPB was Islamist, opposed to both capitalism and communism.” Today the opening says only that it “was opposed to both capitalism and communism,” the word Islamist surviving twice elsewhere in the article. A reader today learns what the party opposed and does not learn that Wikipedia’s own text once described the party itself as Islamist.

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Islamisk Trossamfund

Islamisk Trossamfund is a Danish Muslim organisation founded by Ahmad Abu Laban, known for organizing the international response to the Jyllands-Posten Muhammad cartoons. Through 2010 the opening said, “Ahmad Abu Laban was a persona non grata in the United Arab Emirates and Egypt because of his Islamist views.” Today the word Islamist appears nowhere in the article. A reader today learns Abu Laban organized the cartoons response and does not learn he was barred as persona non grata from the UAE and Egypt over his Islamist views.

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ISNA Canada

ISNA Canada is a non-profit Muslim organization affiliated with the US-based Islamic Society of North America. Through 2015 the opening said it “held tax-exempt charitable nonprofit status in Canada until September, 2013, when its tax-exempt status was revoked by the Canada Revenue Agency, for reason of alleged link to a terrorist organization.” Today that sentence is gone from the opening, though terror survives four times in the article. A reader today learns the organization has three centres in Canada and does not learn the Canada Revenue Agency revoked its tax-exempt status over an alleged link to a terrorist organization.

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Israel at the Olympics

Israel has competed at the Olympics as a nation since 1952. Through 2015 the opening said, “In 1972, 11 members of the Israeli delegation were murdered by Black September terrorists,” the Munich massacre. Today that sentence is gone from the opening, which instead covers medal counts and boycotts; terror survives once elsewhere in the article. A reader today learns Israel won a record medal count in 2024 and does not learn that eleven members of its Olympic delegation were murdered by Black September terrorists in 1972.

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Israel Defense Forces

The Israel Defense Forces was formed in 1948 with a stated founding mandate. Through 2005 the opening quoted that mandate as being to protect Israel’s inhabitants “and to combat all forms of terrorism which threaten the daily life.” Today the opening carries none of that clause, though terror survives 15 times in the body. A reader arriving now does not learn that combating terrorism was part of the IDF’s own founding purpose.

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Israel Eldad

Israel Eldad was the chief ideological strategist of Lehi, the Jewish paramilitary group known as the Stern Gang. Through 2010 the opening described Lehi as “a militant Jewish paramilitary group ( the Stern gang ).” Today the opening calls it only “the Jewish underground group Lehi,” militant surviving once in the body but not the opening. A reader arriving now learns Lehi was an underground group and not that it was a militant paramilitary force.

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Israel Philharmonic Orchestra

The Israel Philharmonic Orchestra, based in Tel Aviv, maintains a policy tied to Nazi-era history. Through 2005 the opening said the orchestra “maintains a de facto ban on Wagner ‘s work, due to his anti-semitism and the association of his music with Nazi Germany.” Today the opening does not mention the ban or the word at all, though antisemitism survives once in the body. A reader arriving now does not learn from the opening that the orchestra bans Wagner’s work over his antisemitism.

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Israel–Pakistan relations

Israel and Pakistan have never had formal diplomatic relations, and their hostility has included official mutual accusations. Through 2015 the opening reported that hostilities were “widely reported with Israel labelling Pakistan “an antisemitic state” and Pakistan counter-labeling Israel “a Zionist and racist state”.” Today the opening carries neither label, though antisemitic survives once in the body. A reader arriving now does not learn that Israel officially called Pakistan an antisemitic state.

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Israel–Turkey relations

Israel and Turkey’s relationship has deteriorated sharply since the early 2000s. Through 2015 the opening attributed this to a realignment “from secular Israeli-oriented to Islamist pro-Arab stance” under Erdoğan. Today the word is nowhere in the article, and the opening says only that relations “have deteriorated considerably” without naming why. A reader arriving now does not learn that Wikipedia once characterized the shift in Turkish policy as Islamist.

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Israeli Apartheid Week

Israeli Apartheid Week is an annual series of pro-BDS university lectures and rallies now held in dozens of cities worldwide. Through 2020 the opening reported that the event “has been criticized by some political figures as anti-Israeli and by some others as anti-Semitic.” Today that criticism is gone from the opening, replaced by the organizers’ own description of IAW’s aims, though antisemitic survives eight times in the body. A reader arriving now learns how the organizers describe their own goals and not that the event has drawn accusations of antisemitism.

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Israeli occupation of Southern Lebanon (1982–2000)

Israel occupied Southern Lebanon for eighteen years, citing security concerns along its northern border. Through October 6, 2023 the opening gave Israel’s stated purpose for the Security Belt as creating “a space separating its northern border towns from terrorists residing in Lebanon.” Today the word is nowhere in the article; the opening instead cites the occupation’s origin only in “attacks from southern Lebanon by Palestinian militants.” A reader arriving now does not learn that Israel’s own stated rationale for the Security Belt named the threat as terrorists.

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Izzeldin Abuelaish

Izzeldin Abuelaish is the Palestinian doctor whose three daughters were killed by Israeli tank fire during the 2009 Gaza War. Through October 6, 2023 the opening reported Israel’s own account of the strike: “a day later the Israelis claimed to be targeting militants.” Today that sentence is gone and the word is nowhere in the article. A reader arriving now does not learn that Israel’s military stated it had been targeting militants in the strike that killed his daughters.

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Jackie Mann

Jackie Mann was a British Battle of Britain fighter pilot kidnapped and held hostage in Lebanon for more than two years. Through 2010 the opening described his captors as “Islamic Jihadist terrorists.” Today the opening calls them only “Islamists,” with terror surviving once in the body but gone from the opening. A reader arriving now learns his captors were Islamists and not that Wikipedia once called them terrorists.

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Jacob Glatstein

Jacob Glatstein was a Polish-born Yiddish poet who emigrated to New York in 1914. Through 2010 the opening said he left “due to the increasing anti-semitism in Lublin.” Today the opening gives no reason for his emigration at all, though antisemitism survives once in the body. A reader arriving now does not learn from the opening why Glatstein left Poland.

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Jamia Uloom-ul-Islamia

Jamia Uloom-ul-Islamia is an Islamic seminary in Karachi, Pakistan, continuing the Darul Uloom Deoband tradition. Through 2020 the opening called it “a ‘fountainhead of Deobandi militancy’ which has established and sustained several jihadi organisations, such as Harakat ul-Mujahidin (HuM), Jaish-e-Mohammed (JeM), and Sipah-e-Sahaba Pakistan (SSP).” Today the opening describes only the seminary’s size and history, with jihad surviving six times in the body. A reader arriving now does not learn from the opening that the seminary is described as having founded and sustained jihadi organizations.

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Jaysh al-Adl

Jaysh al-Adl is a Salafi Islamist jihadist militant organization operating out of Iran near the Pakistani border. Through October 6, 2023 the opening called it a Salafi Islamist militant organization and stated in Wikipedia’s own voice that “the group is responsible for several attacks against civilians and military personnel.” Today the opening calls it a “Baloch Sunni jihadist militant organization,” dropping Islamist from the opening description though it survives five times in the article, and says the group only “claimed responsibility for several attacks against military personnel.” A reader today does not learn that the group’s attacks were described as targeting civilians as well as military personnel.

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Jenin, Jenin

Jenin, Jenin is a 2002 documentary by Mohammed Bakri built around Palestinian accounts of the April 2002 Battle of Jenin. Through 2010 the opening described the film as covering a clash “which drew Palestinian accounts of a ‘Jenin massacre’.” Today the opening calls it simply the “Battle of Jenin” and carries neither that phrase nor the word massacre, though massacre survives five times in the body. A reader today does not learn that the film is tied to what Wikipedia once called Palestinian accounts of a “Jenin massacre.”

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Jesus in the Talmud

Jesus in the Talmud examines passages some scholars believe reference Jesus, passages that were subject to historical censorship. Through 2015 the opening explained the passages “were removed either by Christian censors starting in the 13th century, or by Jews themselves due to fear of antisemitic reprisals.” Today the opening no longer explains why the passages were censored, though the word survives twice in the body. A reader today does not learn that Jews themselves censored these passages out of fear of antisemitic violence.

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Jewish Culture Festival in Kraków

The Jewish Culture Festival in Kraków is an annual event held in the city’s former Jewish district since 1988. In 2005 the opening described the festival’s purpose as “a way to prevent or fight anti-Semitism.” Today the opening says the festival’s goal is to educate people about Jewish culture, history and faith, and the word appears nowhere in the article. A reader today does not learn that the festival was described as a way to fight antisemitism.

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Jewish emancipation

Jewish emancipation was the process by which European nations granted Jews citizenship and legal equality between the late 18th and early 20th centuries. In 2010 the opening explained that Jews turned to Zionism “when faced with continuing anti-Semitism.” Today the opening describes emancipation purely as a legal and civic process, without that causal link, though the word survives seven times in the body. A reader today does not learn from the opening that Zionism is described as arising from continuing antisemitism.

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Jewish Naturalisation Act 1753

The Jewish Naturalisation Act 1753 was a British law allowing Jews to naturalize, repealed within a year of passage. In 2020 the opening said “the public reacted with an enormous outburst of antisemitism, and the Bill was repealed in the next sitting of Parliament, in 1754.” Today the opening attributes the repeal to “widespread opposition to its provisions,” and the word survives once in the body. A reader today does not learn that the Act’s repeal followed a public antisemitic backlash, not generic opposition.

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Jewish quarter (diaspora)

Jewish quarters in the diaspora include the ghettos Nazi Germany reestablished across occupied Europe during World War II. In 2015 the opening said these ghettos existed “for the purpose of segregation, persecution, terror, and exploitation of Jews, mostly in Eastern Europe.” Today the opening’s account of Jewish quarters no longer states this purpose, though the word survives once in the body. A reader today does not learn that terror was named among the Nazis’ stated purposes for the ghettos.

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Jewish Territorial Organization

The Jewish Territorial Organisation (ITO) was a Jewish political movement founded in 1903 seeking an alternative homeland to Palestine. In 2010 the opening quoted founder Israel Zangwill saying the “Kishineff [sic] massacre has brought home to the blindest the need of a publicly and legally safeguarded home for our unhappy race.” Today the opening no longer mentions Kishinev or the massacre, though the word survives once in the body. A reader today does not learn from the opening that the organization’s founding was tied to the Kishinev massacre of Jews.

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Jihadist flag

The jihadist flag combines the Black Standard and the Shahada and is used by Islamist and jihadist groups. As of October 6, 2023 the opening said “aside from Islamism, the flag has also been used by various terrorist organizations.” Today the opening lists al-Qaeda, al-Shabaab, the Taliban, Palestinian Islamic Jihad, the al-Qassam Brigades and Jemaah Islamiyah as flag users without calling them terrorist organizations, though the word survives six times in the body. A reader today does not learn from the opening that the groups using this flag are described as terrorist organizations.

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John Allen Muhammad

John Allen Muhammad was convicted with accomplice Lee Boyd Malvo of the 2002 D.C. sniper attacks, which killed seventeen people total. In 2010 the opening said “drawings by Malvo describe the murders as part of a ‘jihad’ (Arabic for ‘struggle in the way of God’).” Today the word does not appear anywhere in the article. A reader today does not learn that Malvo’s drawings described the killings as part of a jihad.

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John Esposito

John Esposito is an American academic and scholar of Islamic studies at Georgetown University. In 2005 the opening said “he has been called an ‘apologist for militant Islam’ by Campus Watch, which has criticized him for a number of his statements, including his view that Islamic movements ‘challenge,’ but do not threaten, Western society.” Today the word does not appear anywhere in the article. A reader today does not learn that Campus Watch called Esposito an apologist for militant Islam.

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John Stanley Grauel

John Stanley Grauel was a Methodist minister and Christian Zionist who served as a secret Haganah operative and crew member of the Exodus 1947, credited with helping persuade the UN’s Palestine committee to back partition. In 2010 the opening said “just two short years after the end of World War II and the Holocaust, anti-Semitism and anti-Jewish attitudes were a reality that had to be dealt with at the United Nations by the Haganah and the Jewish Agency for Palestine.” Today the word does not appear anywhere in the article. A reader today does not learn that the opening once framed his UN advocacy against a backdrop of ongoing postwar antisemitism.

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John V of Jerusalem

John V was Greek Orthodox Patriarch of Jerusalem from 706 to 735, serving under Muslim rule during the reign of Caliph Umar II. In 2020 the opening said that under Muslim rule, “in addition to forbidding Christians to make wine and forcing them to convert to Islam, many Christians suffered martyrdom.” Today the opening instead states that Omar “did not cause any persecutions against the Christians,” and the word does not appear anywhere in the article. A reader today learns that the caliph caused no persecution of Christians, not that Wikipedia once said many Christians were martyred under Muslim rule at this time.

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José Bové

José Bové is a French farmer, labor leader and alter-globalization activist who later served in the European Parliament. In 2005 the opening said that in 2004 Bové “announced that he would join the People’s Congress of Kurdistan (Kongra-Gel), a Marxist-Leninist group which is on the European Union’s list of terrorist groups, blamed for attacks totalling over 800 deaths.” Today the opening says nothing about this, though the word survives once in the body. A reader today does not learn from the opening that Bové joined a group the EU designated as terrorist, linked to over 800 deaths.

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Joseph Seligman

Joseph Seligman was the American banker whose 1877 refusal at Saratoga Springs’ Grand Union Hotel became a landmark case. The 2010 opening called it ‘the most publicized antisemitic incident in American history up to that point.’ Today’s opening carries neither the word nor the episode, though antisemitism survives five times in the body. A reader arriving at the opening today does not learn that his hotel refusal was, in Wikipedia’s own words, the most publicized antisemitic incident in American history to that point.

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Judea and Samaria Division

The Judea and Samaria Division is the IDF regional command responsible for the West Bank. The 2010 opening described its mission as fighting Palestinian political violence ‘as well as against attempts by Palestinian militants to infiltrate Israel to commit suicide attacks.’ Today’s opening drops that mission description entirely, saying only that the division is ‘responsible for Israeli military activity in the Judea and Samaria Area,’ and cites a 2023 story about the division head addressing settler violence. A reader today does not learn that the division’s stated purpose was stopping suicide-bombing infiltrations.

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Judea Pearl

Judea Pearl is the computer scientist whose son, journalist Daniel Pearl, was kidnapped and murdered in Pakistan in 2002. The 2010 opening said he ‘is the father of journalist Daniel Pearl, who was kidnapped and murdered by militants in Pakistan in 2002.’ Today’s opening omits his son’s murder entirely, describing him only through his computer science career. A reader arriving today does not learn that Judea Pearl is the father of a journalist murdered by militants in Pakistan.

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Judeo-Christian

Judeo-Christian is the term grouping Christianity and Judaism, criticized by Jewish thinkers as resting on supersessionist theology. Through October 6, 2023 the opening said the term relies on ‘and perpetuating inherently antisemitic notions of supersessionism.’ Today’s opening drops the word, saying only that it perpetuates ‘notions of supersessionism,’ though antisemitism survives six times in the body. A reader arriving today does not learn that Jewish critics specifically call the theological framework underlying the term antisemitic.

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Juhayman al-Otaybi

Juhayman al-Otaybi is the Saudi figure who led the 1979 seizure of the Great Mosque of Mecca. Through October 6, 2023 the opening called him ‘a Saudi Arabian terrorist and soldier who in 1979 led the seizure of the Great Mosque of Mecca.’ Today’s opening calls him a ‘Saudi dissident and Ikhwan militant,’ though terror survives once in the body. A reader arriving today does not learn that Wikipedia once called the man who seized Islam’s holiest mosque a terrorist.

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Kafir

Kafir is the Arabic term for a non-Muslim disbeliever. The 2005 opening noted that ‘Some Militant Islamists, however, often do not make the distinction in their rhetoric and do often use it to include these religious communities, or any enemy.’ Today the word is gone from the article entirely, count zero. A reader today does not learn that militant Islamist rhetoric has applied the term broadly to justify targeting any enemy.

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Kåre Kristiansen

Kåre Kristiansen was the Norwegian politician who resigned from the Nobel Committee over Yasser Arafat’s peace prize. The 2010 opening quoted him calling Arafat ‘world’s most prominent terrorist.’ Today’s opening omits the quote, though terror survives once in the body. A reader today does not learn what he called Arafat when he resigned from the Nobel Committee in protest.

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Karmei Tzur

Karmei Tzur is the West Bank Israeli settlement near Hebron. The 2010 opening said ‘In 2002 a terrorist infiltrated the settlement, broke into one of the homes and murdered Ayal Sorek and his 9-month-pregnant wife Yael along with reserve soldier Shalom Mordechai.’ Today’s opening covers only the settlement’s governance and legal status, and the attack is gone from it, though terror survives four times in the body. A reader today does not learn that a terrorist murdered a pregnant woman, her husband, and a soldier in this settlement in 2002.

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Kasindi church bombing

The Kasindi church bombing killed at least 17 people at a Sunday service in the Democratic Republic of the Congo in January 2023. Through October 6, 2023 the opening said authorities blamed ‘the Allied Democratic Forces (ADF), a Ugandan Islamist group whose insurgency began in 1996 and spread to the DRC.’ Today’s opening drops the ADF’s description entirely, saying only that Islamic State - Central Africa Province claimed responsibility, though islamist survives twice in the body. A reader today does not learn that the group Congolese authorities blamed was identified as a Ugandan Islamist group with a decades-long insurgency.

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Kathleen Christison

Kathleen Christison is the former CIA political analyst turned author and critic of Israel. The 2010 opening cited her article ‘Before There Was Terrorism.’ Today’s opening still names her CIA career and her critical writing but no longer references that piece, though terror survives twice in the body. A reader today does not learn the title of the piece in which she wrote about terrorism.

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Kaunas Synagogue

The Kaunas Synagogue is an Orthodox congregation in Lithuania. The 2015 opening described a 2011 incident: ‘a sign saying “Jews out” and “Hitler was right”… were hung in front of the synagogue, a clearly anti-Semitic act.’ Today’s opening says nothing about it, and the word antisemitism appears nowhere in the article, count zero. A reader today does not learn that antisemitic signs invoking Hitler were hung at this synagogue on the anniversary of his birthday in 2011.

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Kfar Hoshen

Kfar Hoshen is an Israeli moshav built on the land of the former Palestinian village of Safsaf. The 2010 opening said the village’s residents ‘fled to Lebanon after the Safsaf massacre in October 1948, during the 1948 Arab-Israeli war.’ Today’s opening covers only the moshav’s modern geography and population, though massacre survives once in the body. A reader today does not learn that the moshav sits on the site of a Palestinian village whose residents fled after a 1948 massacre there.

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Kfar Shouba

Kfar Shouba is the Lebanese village near the Israeli border where Hezbollah abducted and murdered Israeli soldiers. The 2010 opening said the killings ‘was carried out by Hezbollah, a militant group defined as a terrorist organization by the United States.’ Today’s opening omits the episode and the designation entirely, and the word terror appears nowhere in the article, count zero. A reader today does not learn that the United States designates Hezbollah, the group responsible for the abduction and murder there, as a terrorist organization.

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Khaled Kelkal

Khaled Kelkal was the French-Algerian terrorist affiliated with the GIA who took part in a 1995 bombing campaign in France. The 2005 opening called him ‘one of the men behind the islamist bombing campaign in France in 1995.’ Today’s opening calls it only ‘the 1995 terror bombings in France,’ dropping the ideological description, though islamist survives twice in the body. A reader today does not learn that the bombing campaign was identified as an Islamist campaign.

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Khaled Nazzal

Khaled Nazzal was the DFLP central committee secretary assassinated by Mossad in 1986. Through 2020 and October 6, 2023 the opening said he was ‘a leader of the Ma’alot Massacre, a 1974 terrorist attack that saw 22 Israeli schoolchildren and their three teachers killed following a two-day hostage standoff.’ Today’s opening calls him only a ‘militant leader’ for the PLO and omits the massacre entirely, though terror survives eight times in the body. A reader today does not learn that he led the Ma’alot massacre, which killed 22 Israeli schoolchildren and three teachers.

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Khalil al-Wazir

Khalil al-Wazir co-founded Fatah and commanded its armed wing, al-Assifa, under PLO chairman Yasser Arafat. Through 2015 the opening said most Israelis considered him a high-profile terrorist for planning the killings of Israelis, alongside the Palestinian view of him as a martyr. Today that sentence is gone from the opening, though terror survives five times in the body. A reader arriving now learns he was a Palestinian leader and Fatah co-founder, not that most Israelis regarded him as a terrorist responsible for planning killings of Israelis.

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Killing of Moshe Barsky

Moshe Barsky was the first member of a Zionist kibbutz, Degania Alef, killed, shot in 1913 with signs the killing was an act of revenge. Through 2020 the opening said scholars and historians considered his death the first Islamist terror attack. Today the word terror is gone from the article entirely, and the opening calls his death only ‘a significant part of pre-Israeli Zionist ethos and myths.’ A reader arriving now learns Barsky became a Zionist symbol, not that his killing was catalogued as the first Islamist terror attack.

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Killing of Muhammad al-Durrah

Muhammad al-Durrah, a 12-year-old Palestinian boy, was killed by gunfire at the Netzarim Junction in Gaza in 2000, filmed by a France 2 cameraman in footage broadcast worldwide. Through 2010 the opening said that for sections of the Israeli and Jewish communities, the allegations against Israel amounted to a modern blood libel, the centuries-old antisemitic association of Jews with child sacrifice. Today that sentence is gone from the opening, though antisemitism survives three times in the body. A reader arriving now does not learn that Israeli and Jewish communities viewed the accusations against them as invoking that centuries-old antisemitic trope.

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Killing of Raed Zeiter

Raed Zeiter, a Jordanian judge, was shot dead by Israeli soldiers in 2014 at the Allenby Bridge crossing, an incident Israel later called a matter of regret. Through October 2023 the opening quoted Israeli soldiers stating he was a ‘terrorist’, asserting he had tried to snatch a weapon and attacked them with a metal pole. Today the word terror is gone from the article entirely, though the soldiers’ account of the alleged weapon grab and pole attack survives. A reader arriving now learns what the soldiers said he did, not that they themselves used the word terrorist to describe him.

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King George Street bombing

A 2002 suicide bombing outside a clothing and toy store on King George Street in Jerusalem killed three Israeli civilians and injured 86. Through October 2023 the opening said the Palestinian militant organization al-Aqsa Martyrs Brigades claimed responsibility for the attack. Today that sentence is gone from the article entirely, and the opening no longer names any group. A reader arriving now learns three people were killed and 86 injured, not which organization claimed the bombing.

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Kiryat Menachem bus bombing

A Palestinian suicide bombing on a Jerusalem bus in the Kiryat Menachem neighborhood in 2002 murdered 11 people and injured over 50; Hamas claimed responsibility. In 2005 the opening called it the Jerusalem bus 20 massacre. Today the word massacre is gone from the article entirely, and the attack carries no name beyond ‘a Palestinian suicide bombing.’ A reader arriving now learns 11 people were murdered, not that the attack was named the Jerusalem bus 20 massacre.

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Kol Nidre

Kol Nidre is the Aramaic declaration that opens Yom Kippur services in the synagogue. In 2005 the opening said the prayer has often been employed out of context by anti-Semites to support their claims about Jews. Today that passage is gone from the opening, though antisemitism survives twice in the body. A reader arriving now learns Kol Nidre’s place in Jewish liturgy, not that antisemites have historically used the prayer out of context to attack Jews.

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Kōzō Okamoto

Kōzō Okamoto is a Japanese Red Army member responsible for the 1972 massacre of 26 passengers at Ben-Gurion Airport in Israel. In 2005 the opening called the Japanese Red Army a terrorist group. Today the opening instead calls him a ‘Japanese communist,’ and though terror survives 23 times elsewhere in the article, the group’s own terrorist designation is gone from the opening. A reader arriving now learns he was a communist responsible for a massacre, not that Wikipedia’s own opening once called his organization a terrorist group.

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Labor Zionism

Labor Zionism was the left-wing, socialist variant of Zionism, historically tied to the Haganah paramilitary. Through 2010 the opening said the Haganah was used on occasion, such as during the Hunting Season, to assist the British Administration in capturing Jewish terrorists. Today the word terror is gone from the article entirely, and the opening carries only a list of Jewish denominations, languages and portal links. A reader arriving now does not learn that the Haganah once helped British authorities capture Jewish terrorists during the Hunting Season.

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Lebanese prisoners in Israel

Lebanese prisoners in Israel became a point of dispute between Lebanon and Israel and a factor in the 2006 Lebanon War, which began with a Hezbollah cross-border raid. In 2010 the opening called Hezbollah the Lebanese militant organization. Today the opening calls it ‘the Lebanese paramilitary and political party,’ though militant survives twice elsewhere in the article. A reader arriving now learns Hezbollah is described as a political party, not that Wikipedia’s own opening once called it a militant organization.

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Legal Consequences of the Construction of a Wall in the Occupied Palestinian Territory

The 2004 International Court of Justice advisory opinion addressed the legality of Israel’s West Bank barrier. Through October 2023 the opening said Israel argued that the barrier was necessary to keep out West Bank militants and avert more suicide attacks against its citizens. Today that sentence is gone from the opening, which now runs a single sentence naming only the case and date, though militant survives twice in the body. A reader arriving now learns the ICJ issued an advisory opinion on the barrier, not that Israel argued the barrier was built to stop militants and suicide attacks.

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Leopoldstädter Tempel

The Leopoldstädter Tempel was a Vienna synagogue completed in 1858 in the Moorish Revival style. Through 2010 the opening said it was destroyed by National Socialist militants on the Night of Broken Glass, November 10, 1938. Today the word militant is gone from the article entirely, and the opening says only that ‘the synagogue was destroyed as a result of Kristallnacht,’ naming no actor. A reader arriving now learns the synagogue was destroyed during Kristallnacht, not who destroyed it.

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LIPIA

LIPIA is a Saudi-run Islamic college in Jakarta, a branch of the Imam Muhammad ibn Saud Islamic University in Riyadh. Through October 2023 the opening paragraph said the college “has been accused of promoting a fundamentalist view of Islam, harbouring political Islamists and Salafists.” Today the opening describes only its founding purpose to teach Arabic and Islam, though the word survives once in the body. A reader arriving now learns the college’s stated purpose and not that it has been accused of harbouring political Islamists and Salafists.

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List of Jews in sports

This is a list of Jewish athletes who reached the top tier of international competition. Through 2015 the opening paragraph noted that “Anti-Semites such as Henry Ford, for their part, have tried energetically to conceal the fact of Jewish participation in sports,” citing Ford’s claim that “Jews are not sportsmen.” Today the opening carries none of this, though the word survives once in the body. A reader arriving now learns the criteria for inclusion on the list and not that a documented antisemite tried to erase the record of Jewish athletic achievement.

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List of projectile attacks from Lebanon on Israel and the Golan Heights

This is a list of rocket, mortar and projectile attacks on Israel and the Golan Heights from Lebanon. In 2010 the opening paragraph named the perpetrator directly: “Lebanese Islamist militant group Hezbollah fired some 4,000 rockets at Israel.” Today the opening describes only “Palestinian militant groups and/or Muslim Shia or Sunni militant groups from Lebanon,” without naming Hezbollah or calling it Islamist, though the word survives once in the body. A reader arriving now learns that unnamed militant groups fired the rockets and not that Hezbollah, identified as an Islamist militant group, was responsible.

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London Jewish Forum

The London Jewish Forum is a Jewish organisation established in 2006 to promote Jewish life in London. In 2010 the opening paragraph stated its mission plainly: “The LJF will work to oppose anti-semitism, racism and all forms of discrimination in London.” Today the opening describes only its role as a liaison between London Jewry and city government, though the word survives twice in the body. A reader arriving now learns that the Forum engages with the Mayor and Boroughs and not that opposing antisemitism was part of its stated founding mission.

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Ma’on, Har Hevron

Ma’on is an Israeli settlement in the West Bank, organized as a moshav shitufi under the Har Hevron Regional Council. In 2010 the opening paragraph carried a quote from the farm’s founder defending an act of settler violence: “The Torah says we should kill all the Arabs,” adding “Not just Arabs who maybe help terrorists.” Today the opening carries none of it, describing only the settlement’s population and its status under international law, though the word survives twice in the body. A reader arriving now learns the settlement’s population and legal status and not that its founder was quoted endorsing violence against Arabs.

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Mahathir Mohamad

Mahathir Mohamad served as Malaysia’s prime minister for more than two decades and was known for outspoken public statements. Through 2005 the opening said Mahathir made public statements which critics said were tinged with anti-semitism. Today the opening lists his ministerial roles with no mention of antisemitism, though the word survives once elsewhere in the article. A reader today learns his career timeline, and not that critics called his public statements antisemitic.

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Mahdi Army

The Mahdi Army was an Iraqi Shia militia created by Muqtada al-Sadr that fought US-led occupation forces after a 2004 uprising. In 2005 the opening said The Islamist militants rose to international prominence on April 4, 2004. Today the opening calls it an “Iraqi Nationalist Shia militia,” and islamist survives four times in the body but not in the description of the group itself. A reader today learns the militia was Shia and nationalist, and not that Wikipedia’s own opening once called its fighters Islamist.

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Mahmoud Ahmadinejad and Israel

Mahmoud Ahmadinejad served as president of Iran from 2005 to 2013 and repeatedly called for the elimination of Israel. Through October 6, 2023 the opening said he provided funding, training and arms to what are widely regarded as terrorist organisations Hezbollah and Hamas. Today the opening names only “Hezbollah and Hamas” with no terrorist designation, though terror survives three times in the body. A reader today learns Ahmadinejad armed Hezbollah and Hamas, and not that they are widely regarded as terrorist organizations.

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Mahmoud Aloul

Mahmoud al-Aloul is a senior Fatah official who in 2018 was widely discussed as the likely successor to Mahmoud Abbas as Palestinian Authority president. Through 2020 the opening said he served as commander of a Fatah militant brigade that kidnapped six Israeli soldiers in 1983, ransomed for incarcerated Palestinians. Today the opening calls it merely “a Fatah brigade that captured eight Israeli soldiers in 1983,” and militant appears nowhere in the article. A reader today learns Aloul commanded a Fatah brigade, and not that Wikipedia once called that brigade militant or called the seizure of the soldiers a kidnapping.

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Malcolm MacDonald

Malcolm MacDonald was a British politician and colonial minister who searched for new settlement sites for Jews facing persecution in Europe. In 2005 the opening said with anti-semitism rampant in Europe, MacDonald sought new settlements, encouraging emigration to Northern Rhodesia. Today the opening describes his career in decolonisation with no mention of antisemitism, and the word is nowhere in the article. A reader today learns MacDonald pursued colonial policy in Asia and Africa, and not that his search for Jewish settlement sites was driven by antisemitism in Europe.

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Malcolm X

Malcolm X was a Nation of Islam minister and civil rights era human rights activist assassinated in 1965. In 2010 the opening said his detractors accused him of preaching racism, black supremacy, antisemitism, and violence. Today the opening calls him a celebrated advocate for Black empowerment and racial justice, and the word antisemitism is nowhere in the article. A reader today learns he faced accusations of preaching violence, and not that detractors specifically accused him of antisemitism.

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Mandaeism

Mandaeans are an Iraqi ethnoreligious minority who follow Mandaeism. In 2010 the opening said many Mandaean Iraqis had fled their country because of the turmoil of the war and terrorism. Today the opening describes their religious beliefs and history with no mention of the displacement, and terrorism is nowhere in the article. A reader today learns what Mandaeans believe, and not that terrorism was cited as a cause of their flight from Iraq.

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Maxim restaurant suicide bombing

Twenty-one civilians were killed and sixty injured, including two families and a two-month-old baby, in the 2003 bombing of the Maxim restaurant in Haifa. Through 2005 the opening called it the massacre committed in the Arab-Jewish Maxim restaurant. Today the opening calls it a “Palestinian suicide bombing,” and massacre is nowhere in the article. A reader today learns twenty-one people were killed in a suicide bombing, and not that Wikipedia’s own opening once called it a massacre.

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Megiddo, Israel

Megiddo is a kibbutz near a junction that includes a large prison holding Palestinians. Through 2005 the opening described that prison as one for those convicted “in most cases and abetting terrorism.” Today the opening calls it only a “high-security prison,” and the word terror appears nowhere in the article. A reader today learns the prison holds security offenders but not that the article once specifically named terrorism as their offense.

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Meir Kahane

Meir Kahane founded Kach, the party whose follower carried out the Cave of the Patriarchs massacre. Through 2010 the opening said, “In 1994, following the Cave of the Patriarchs massacre perpetrated by a Kahane follower, Kach was outlawed completely.” Today the opening omits this entirely, though massacre survives twice elsewhere in the article. A reader today does not learn that Kach was banned specifically because a Kahane follower carried out a massacre.

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Meron Junction Bus 361 attack

A 2002 Hamas suicide bombing at the Meron junction bus stop killed six civilians and three soldiers. Through 2020 the opening called Hamas “The Palestinian Islamist militant organization Hamas,” which claimed responsibility for the attack. Today the opening calls Hamas only “the militant group Hamas,” and Islamist appears nowhere in the article. A reader today learns Hamas is a militant group and not that it is an Islamist one.

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Metzer

Metzer is a kibbutz where, in November 2002, a Palestinian terrorist killed five residents. Through 2015 the opening said, “In November 2002, a Palestinian terrorist infiltrated the kibbutz and murdered 5 people including a mother and her two sons.” Today the opening carries only population and jurisdiction data, though terror survives ten times in the body. A reader who stops at the opening today does not learn that this attack happened at all.

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Mevo Modi’im

Mevo Modi’im is a moshav in central Israel where a resident, Esh Kodesh Gilmore, was killed in an attack in 2000. Through 2010 the opening said a pavilion was built “in memory of Esh Kodesh Gilmore who was killed in a terrorist attack on October 30, 2000.” Today the opening mentions only population figures and a 2019 fire, with terror surviving once elsewhere. A reader today does not learn that a resident was killed in a terrorist attack or that a memorial was built for him.

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Migration of Moroccan Jews to Israel

Moroccan Jews migrated to Israel after World War II amid rising pressure on the country’s Jewish communities. Through 2015 the opening said their conditions “were further exacerbated by the increasing terrorism in the country and the hostile attitude of the local (Muslim) population towards the Jews.” Today the opening cites riots and concerns about persecution, but the word terrorism appears nowhere in the article. A reader today does not learn that terrorism specifically was cited as one of the pressures driving Moroccan Jews to leave.

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Migron (Israeli settlement)

Migron was an Israeli outpost in the West Bank founded during the early 2000s. Through 2010 the opening said, “At that time there was a wave a of deadly terrorist attacks around the country.” Today the word terror appears nowhere in the article, and the opening covers only the outpost’s legal status and land dispute. A reader today does not learn that the outpost’s founding period coincided with a wave of terrorist attacks across the country.

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Mirwaiz Umar Farooq

Mirwaiz Umar Farooq is a Kashmiri separatist leader and cleric. Through 2010 the opening said he “united 23 Kashmiri militant organizations into the APHC.” Today the opening calls him only a “Kashmiri separatist political leader” and an “Islamic religious cleric,” and militant appears nowhere in the article. A reader today does not learn that he organized a coalition explicitly built from 23 militant organizations.

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Mitchell Report (Arab–Israeli conflict)

The Mitchell Report was a 2001 international committee’s account of the causes of the al-Aqsa Intifada. Through 2010 the opening said the committee called for “a full-scale effort by the Palestinian Authority to prevent Terrorism.” Today the opening says only that the report gives recommendations “to end the violence,” with terror surviving once elsewhere. A reader today does not learn that the report specifically called on the Palestinian Authority to prevent terrorism.

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Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan

Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan is the president of the United Arab Emirates. The October 6, 2023 opening said, “MBZ is known to oppose Islamism, the Muslim Brotherhood, Iran and Iranian-backed groups.” Today the opening covers only his biography and presidency, with Islamist surviving once elsewhere in the article. A reader today does not learn from the opening that he is characterized as an opponent of Islamism and the Muslim Brotherhood.

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Mohammad Al Subail

Mohammad Al Subail was the imam of the Grand Mosque of Mecca. The October 6, 2023 opening said, “He is one of the hostages who survived the incident of the Juhayman armed group storming the Great Mosque of Mecca.” Today the word hostage appears nowhere in the article, and the opening covers only his scholarly career. A reader today does not learn that he was taken hostage during the 1979 armed seizure of the Grand Mosque of Mecca.

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Mordechai Maklef

Mordechai Maklef, later the third Chief of Staff of the Israel Defense Forces, survived the 1929 Arab Uprising by escaping an attack that killed the rest of his family at their home in Motza. Through 2005 the opening said he “managed to escape the massacre by jumping from a second story window.” Today’s opening carries no mention of the attack at all, though massacre survives three times in the body. A reader arriving now learns his military and corporate career and not that he escaped the massacre of his own family as a child.

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Morris Michael Edelstein

Morris Michael Edelstein was a Jewish congressman from New York whose final speech in Congress answered a colleague described as an antisemite. Through 2010 the opening said his last speech responded to Representative Rankin, “widely described as an anti-Semite who advocated peace with Nazi Germany.” Today’s opening is a single sentence giving only his dates and district, though antisemite survives four times in the body. A reader arriving now learns nothing of the speech that made him notable or the colleague it answered.

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Motiur Rahman Nizami

Motiur Rahman Nizami led Bangladesh’s Jamaat-e-Islami and was later convicted by the International Crimes Tribunal of masterminding the Demra massacre. Through the October 6, 2023 snapshot the opening said he was “noted for leading the terror squad Al-Badr during the Bangladesh Liberation War.” Today’s opening says only that he was “accused of leading Al-Badr,” and terror appears nowhere in the article. A reader arriving now learns he was accused of leading Al-Badr and not that Wikipedia’s own opening once called it a terror squad.

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Muhammad Ahmad

Muhammad Ahmad was the Sudanese leader who declared himself the Mahdi in 1881 and led the war that founded the Mahdist State. Through 2005 the opening said he “declared a jihad and raised an army after declaring himself the Mahdi in 1881, and led a successful war of liberation from the Ottoman-Egyptian military occupation.” Today’s opening calls it “a war against Egyptian rule in Sudan,” though jihad survives twice in the body. A reader arriving now learns he fought a war against Egyptian rule and not that he declared it a jihad, the term his own movement used.

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Muhammad Sawalha

Muhammad Sawalha is a former Hamas leader in the West Bank who now lives in London as president of the British Muslim Initiative, named in a 2004 US indictment over the funneling of money to Hamas operatives. Through October 6, 2023 the opening said he signed the 2009 Istanbul Declaration, which “reaffirms resistance as a valid means to oppose Israeli state terrorism, illegal occupation and war crimes against the civilian Palestinian population.” Today the word does not appear in the opening at all, surviving once in the body, and the opening no longer mentions the declaration or that he heads the British Muslim Initiative. A reader today does not learn that Sawalha personally signed a document endorsing armed resistance against what it called Israeli state terrorism.

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Muhammad Yusuf Uthman Abd al Salam

Muhammad Yusuf Uthman Abd al Salam founded Jund al-Aqsa, a Salafist jihadist group active in the Syrian Civil War, and was a longtime veteran of al-Qaeda. By 2020 the opening said he “was allegedly affiliated with a number of terrorist organizations including the al-Nusra Front, al-Qaeda in Iraq, and ISIS.” Today the same sentence calls the same groups “militant organizations,” and the word terrorist does not appear in the opening, though it survives 3 times in the body. A reader today learns that al-Nusra Front, al-Qaeda in Iraq and ISIS are militant organizations, not that Wikipedia’s own earlier opening called them terrorist organizations.

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Muhammad Zaidan

Muhammad Zaidan, also known as Abu Abbas, founded and led the Palestine Liberation Front. Through 2005 the opening called him “a Palestinian terrorist” and said the killing of an unarmed, elderly man and the hijacking of a civilian ship “could also be considered a war crime.” Today neither word appears anywhere in the article; the opening now introduces him only as “Founder and leader of the Palestine Liberation Front.” A reader today does not learn that Wikipedia’s own 2005 opening called Zaidan a terrorist or described the killing during the hijacking as a possible war crime.

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Mujama al-Islamiya

Mujama al-Islamiya was an Islamic charity founded in Gaza in 1973 by Sheikh Ahmed Yassin. Through 2015 the opening said “In 1987, Yassin and six other Mujama Islamists launched Hamas, or the Islamic Resistance Movement.” Today the word does not appear in the opening, though it survives once in the body, and the opening describes the charity only through its clinics, blood banks, and scholarships. A reader today learns that the charity ran social services, not that its own founder and members went on to launch Hamas.

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Munir Shakir

Munir Shakir founded Lashkar-e-Islam. Through October 6, 2023 the opening said “Munir Shakir is a Pakistani militant, Islamic cleric and founder of the Deobandi jihadist terrorist group Lashkar-e-Islam.” Today the word terror does not appear anywhere in the article, and the opening introduces him only as “an Islamic cleric and preacher” who “became a strong critic of state oppression by Pakistan.” A reader today does not learn that Wikipedia’s own opening once called Shakir a militant and called his organization a jihadist terrorist group.

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Murabitun World Movement

The Murabitun World Movement is an Islamic movement founded by Abdalqadir as-Sufi, born Ian Dallas. In 2005 the opening said the movement “is highly controversial, as is Ian Dallas, who has been labeled as anti-Semitic.” Today the word does not appear anywhere in the article, and the opening describes the movement only as promoting Islam and uniting Muslims “against perceived threats in contemporary global civilization.” A reader today does not learn that the movement’s founder was labeled antisemitic.

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Murder of Blaze Bernstein

Blaze Bernstein was a University of Pennsylvania student murdered in 2018 by a former high school classmate, Samuel Woodward. By 2020 the opening said Woodward was “a member of neo-Nazi terrorist group Atomwaffen Division” when he was arrested and charged with the murder. Today the word does not appear in the opening, surviving twice in the body, and the opening identifies the case only as an “Antisemitic and anti-LGBTQ hate crime” without naming Atomwaffen Division. A reader of the opening today does not learn that Woodward was tied to a group Wikipedia once called a neo-Nazi terrorist organization.

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Murder of the Hatuel family

Tali Hatuel, eight months pregnant, and her four daughters, aged two to eleven, were shot dead near Gush Katif in 2004, an attack claimed by an alliance of Islamic Jihad and the Popular Resistance Committees. By 2010 the opening said Hatuel and her daughters were “shot and killed at close range by Palestinian terrorists.” Today the same men are called “Palestinian militants” in the opening; the word terrorists does not appear there, surviving 16 times in the body. A reader of the opening today learns the family was killed by militants, not that Wikipedia’s own earlier opening called their killers terrorists.

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Murder of Yafim Weinstein

Yafim Weinstein was a 54-year-old Israeli man murdered in 2009. Through 2020 the opening said he “was a 54-year old Israeli man murdered in 2009 by Islamist militants.” Today the opening reads only “was a 54-year-old Israeli man murdered in 2009,” with no mention of who killed him; the word survives once in the body. A reader of the opening today does not learn who killed Weinstein or that his killers were described as Islamist militants.

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Muslim attitudes toward terrorism

This article surveys the range of Muslim attitudes toward terrorism. In 2010 the opening said “various attitudes exist towards Islamist terrorism, ranging from outrage and vocal opposition to support.” Today the opening reads only “a wide range of Muslim attitudes towards terrorism,” without the word Islamist, which survives 5 times in the body. A reader today does not learn that the terrorism under discussion was specifically described as Islamist.

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Naroda Patiya massacre

97 Muslims were massacred in Naroda Patiya during the 2002 Gujarat riots, killed by a mob organized by the Bajrang Dal. Through 2015 the opening called the Bajrang Dal a militant wing of the Vishva Hindu Parishad. Today the opening calls it only a wing of the Vishva Hindu Parishad, and the word militant appears nowhere in the article. A reader today does not learn that Wikipedia’s own opening once characterized the organization behind the massacre’s mob as militant.

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National Council of Jewish Women

The National Council of Jewish Women, founded in 1893, describes itself as the oldest Jewish women’s grassroots organization in the United States. Through 2010 the opening listed among its founding-era causes “religious education, opposition to anti-Semitism, international relief work, civil rights for blacks and women.” Today the opening lists only its modern priorities, abortion access, judicial appointments, voting integrity, and Israeli feminist movements, and the word survives once in the body. A reader today does not learn that opposing antisemitism was once named among the organization’s historic missions in its own opening description.

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National Mandate Party

The National Mandate Party (PAN) is an Indonesian political party founded by modernist Muslim leaders including Amien Rais. Through 2020 the opening called it “a moderate Islamist political party in Indonesia.” Today the opening calls it a “non-sectarian, religion-based political party” and later a “nationalist Muslim party,” and the word Islamist survives once in the body. A reader today does not learn that Wikipedia’s own opening once classified the party’s ideology as Islamist.

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National Shiite Movement

The Sadrist Movement is an Iraqi political movement led by Muqtada al-Sadr that won 73 seats in the October 2021 Iraqi parliamentary election. Through 2010 the opening called it “an Iraqi Islamist national movement led by Muqtada al-Sadr.” Today the opening calls it “an Iraqi Shia Islamic national movement,” and the word Islamist survives twice in the body. A reader today does not learn that Wikipedia’s own opening once classified the movement as Islamist rather than simply Islamic.

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Natural gas in the Gaza Strip

The Gaza Marine gas field’s development stalled after Hamas took over the Gaza Strip in 2007. As of October 6, 2023, the opening explained that Israel refused to deal with Hamas, “being a globally recognized terror group.” Today the opening states only that Israel refuses to deal with Hamas, with no explanation given, and the word terror survives once in the body. A reader today does not learn that Wikipedia’s own opening once described Hamas as a globally recognized terror group as the stated reason for Israel’s refusal.

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Nayef Hawatmeh

Nayef Hawatmeh heads the Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine, a Marxist Palestinian organization. Through 2020 the opening stated that “Israel blames the DFLP for the 1974 Ma’alot massacre, and so will not permit him to enter the Palestinian territories.” Today the opening says only that he is a Jordanian politician who heads the DFLP, and the word massacre appears nowhere in the article. A reader today does not learn that Israel holds his organization responsible for the 1974 Ma’alot massacre, the reason Wikipedia once gave for his travel restriction.

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Netzer Hazani (Israeli settlement)

Netzer Hazani was an Israeli settlement in Gush Katif, evacuated in Israel’s 2005 disengagement. Through 2010 the opening stated that the settlement’s chief rabbi, Yitzhak Arama, “was shot and killed by a member of the Islamic Jihad group as he was driving with his family in Gush Katif on December 20, 2002.” Today the opening gives only the settlement’s location and evacuation date, and the word jihad appears nowhere in the article. A reader today does not learn that the settlement’s chief rabbi was murdered by Islamic Jihad while driving with his family.

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New Synagogue (Dresden)

The New Synagogue in Dresden was built in 2001 on the site of the Semper Synagogue, destroyed during Kristallnacht in 1938. Through October 2023 the opening described how in 2012 “unknown persons broke the mail box… and spray-painted a blasphemous inscription on the external wall, allegedly as an anti-Semitic act.” Today the opening covers only the building’s construction and its predecessor’s destruction, and the word survives once in the body. A reader today does not learn that the synagogue was vandalized with an antisemitic inscription in 2012.

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Nidal Farahat

Nidal Farahat, an active member of Hamas’s Izz ad-Din al-Qassam Brigades, created the Qassam rocket. Through 2015 the opening described him “planning and carrying out numerous terrorist operations including mortar attacks on Jewish settlements in the Gaza strip.” Today the opening describes the same activity as “numerous operations,” and the word terrorist appears nowhere in the article. A reader today does not learn that Wikipedia’s own opening once called his mortar attacks on Jewish settlements terrorist operations.

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Nitsana Darshan-Leitner

Nitsana Darshan-Leitner is an Israeli attorney who founded Shurat HaDin, representing hundreds of terror victims in legal actions. As of 2020 the opening described her work: “In her efforts to combat anti-Semitism and anti-Israeli activities, Ms. Darshan-Leitner…” Today the opening lists her legal campaigns and awards without mentioning antisemitism specifically, and the word survives once in the body. A reader today does not learn that Wikipedia’s opening once described her activism as combating antisemitism, not only terrorism.

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Nitzan Alon

Nitzan Alon is an Israeli major general who commanded the IDF’s Judea and Samaria Division and later Central Command. Through October 2023 the opening quoted him warning that Jewish ‘price tag’ attacks ‘amount to terrorism.’ Today the opening states only that he is a general who commanded Central Command starting in 2012, and the word survives once in the body. A reader today does not learn that Alon, as division commander, publicly called Jewish extremist ‘price tag’ attacks terrorism.

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Nizhny Novgorod Synagogue

The Nizhny Novgorod Synagogue, completed in 1884, serves a Jewish community of more than 10,000 people as of 2018. Through October 2023 the opening noted that “the government attempted to control accused anti-Semitism and fought against pogroms.” Today the opening covers only the building’s construction and heritage listing, and the word survives once in the body. A reader today does not learn that the opening once described government efforts against antisemitism and pogroms as part of the community’s history.

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North Kamrup violence

A series of violent clashes in Assam, India in January 1980, tied to the Assam Movement, in which most victims were Bengali-speaking Muslim (Miya) villagers and the Army was alleged to have committed atrocities against Assamese villagers. Through the 2020 snapshot, the opening named the event the North Kamrup massacre, describing it as part of the Bongal Kheda movement. Today the opening calls it the North Kamrup violence and carries the word massacre nowhere in it, though massacre survives five times in the body. A reader arriving now learns this was a series of violent incidents, and not that Wikipedia’s own opening once named it a massacre.

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Nuzha Nuseibeh

Nuzha Nuseibeh was a Palestinian political and women’s rights activist who organized the first civilian protests against the Israeli occupation after the 1967 war. Through the 2020 snapshot the opening said she ‘subsequently saw her country house fire bombed by Jewish terrorist organisations during the troubles.’ Today the word terror appears nowhere in the article. A reader arriving now learns of her activism and charitable founding work, and not that Wikipedia’s own opening once described her house as firebombed by Jewish terrorist organisations.

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Office of the Special Envoy for Holocaust Issues

The Office of the Special Envoy for Holocaust Issues is the U.S. State Department office that handles Holocaust-era property restitution and Nazi-era compensation. Through the 2020 snapshot the opening said the office was dedicated to returning victims’ lost property ‘and monitoring anti-Semitism going forward.’ Today the opening describes only restitution, compensation and commemoration; antisemitism appears three times in the body but not in the opening. A reader arriving now learns the office’s property and compensation mission, and not that its own stated mandate once included monitoring antisemitism.

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Omar Koshan

Omar Koshan is a Twelver Shi’i festival marking the end of the mourning period following the death of Husayn ibn Ali at Karbala in 680 AD. Through the 2020 snapshot the opening described this period as following ‘the events of the Karbala massacre, which occurred in 680 AD.’ Today the opening calls the same event the Battle of Karbala, and massacre appears nowhere in the article. A reader arriving now learns it was a battle, and not that Wikipedia’s own opening once named it a massacre.

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Omaya Joha

Omaya Joha is a Palestinian political cartoonist and journalist, the first female cartoonist in the Arab world working in daily political newspapers. In the October 6, 2023 snapshot, the opening said ‘She is the wife of two martyrs.’ Today the word martyr appears nowhere in the article. A reader arriving now learns of her career and awards, and not that Wikipedia’s own opening once described her as the wife of two martyrs.

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Omer Goldman

Omer Goldman Granot is an Israeli actress who publicly refused to serve in the Israeli military. Through the 2010 snapshot, the opening quoted her own words explaining that refusal: ‘I refuse to take part in the war crimes committed by my country.’ Today the opening identifies her only as an Israeli actress, and the word war crime appears nowhere in the article. A reader arriving now learns nothing of her public refusal to serve, and not that she once said she refused to take part in war crimes she attributed to her own country.

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Operation Yoav

Operation Yoav was a 1948 Israeli military operation in the Negev Desert during the Arab-Israeli War. Through the 2010 snapshot the opening said ‘On October 28, 1948 soldiers from the 8th Brigade carried out a massacre at al-Dawayima.’ Today the opening does not mention this, though massacre survives twice in the body. A reader arriving now learns the operation’s military objectives, and not that Wikipedia’s own opening once stated that soldiers carried out a massacre during it.

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Or Commission

The Or Commission was the Israeli government inquiry into the October 2000 events in which Israeli police killed 12 Arab citizens of Israel and one Palestinian. Through the 2005 snapshot the opening compared it to ‘a similar commission in 1983, investigating a large massacre of Palestinians, [which] led to the resignation of Ariel Sharon as defense minister.’ Today the word massacre appears nowhere in the article. A reader arriving now learns only of the Or Commission’s own findings, and not that Wikipedia’s own opening once drew this comparison to the 1983 commission and Sharon’s resignation.

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Order of Assassins

The Order of Assassins was a Nizari Isma’ili sect active from 1090 to 1275, known for targeted political killings across the medieval Middle East. Through the 2005 snapshot the opening described them as ‘a mystic secret society specialising in terrorising the Abbasid elite with fearlessly executed, political’ killings. Today the opening instead says they posed ‘a substantial strategic threat’ to Fatimid, Abbasid and Seljuk authority, and terror survives once elsewhere in the article. A reader arriving now learns they posed a strategic threat, and not that Wikipedia’s own opening once described their tactics as terrorising a ruling elite.

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Orient House

Orient House was the building in Jerusalem that served as PLO headquarters through the 1980s and 1990s. Through the 2005 snapshot the opening said documents found inside showed evidence of ‘tight connections and support between the political leadership of the PLO and its Fatah militant wing, widely considered a terrorist organization.’ Today the word terror appears nowhere in the article, and the opening instead describes the building’s 1897 origins and 19th-century royal visitors. A reader arriving now learns the building’s architectural history, and not that Wikipedia’s own opening once described evidence tying the PLO’s leadership to a wing widely considered a terrorist organization.

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Osama bin Laden’s compound in Abbottabad

This was the Abbottabad compound where Osama bin Laden, founder of al-Qaeda, was hiding when U.S. forces killed him in 2011. Through the October 6, 2023 snapshot the opening described it as a safe house sheltering ‘the militant Islamist Osama bin Laden.’ Today the word Islamist appears nowhere in the article. A reader arriving now learns of the compound’s layout and the raid, and not that Wikipedia’s own opening once used the word Islamist to describe bin Laden.

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Palestine Children’s Relief Fund

The Palestine Children’s Relief Fund is a US-registered nonprofit that brings Palestinian children to the United States and Europe for free medical care. Through 2005 the opening said the fund had been criticized by the government for funding terrorist groups. Today the opening carries none of that accusation, though the word terror survives twice in the body. A reader today learns the fund’s own account of its mission from its website, and not that the US government once accused it of funding terrorist groups.

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Palestine Solidarity Campaign

The Palestine Solidarity Campaign is a UK advocacy organisation for Palestinian rights, described by the Guardian as Europe’s largest such group. Through 2020 the opening said the PSC campaigns against all racism, including antisemitism and Islamophobia. Today the opening carries neither word. A reader today does not learn that PSC once stated in its own opening description that it opposes antisemitism.

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Palestine–Romania relations

Romania was one of the first countries to recognize the State of Palestine in 1988 and had hosted a PLO office in Bucharest since 1974. Through October 2023 the opening said many Palestinian militants were trained in Romania and that most of the weapons the PLO used against Israel came from Romania and the Soviet Bloc. Today the opening carries none of that, and the word is nowhere in the article. A reader today learns Romania’s diplomatic recognition of Palestine, and not that it trained militants and supplied weapons used against Israel.

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Palestine–United States relations

US-Palestinian relations have been shaped since the 1960s by American preconditions for engaging the PLO. Through October 2023 the opening said one of those conditions was renunciation of terrorism, alongside accepting UN Resolutions 242 and 338 and recognizing Israel’s right to exist. Today the opening carries none of the three conditions, though the word terror appears 17 times in the body. A reader today does not learn that renouncing terrorism was one of Washington’s stated conditions for engaging the PLO.

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Palestinian Broadcasting Corporation

The Palestinian Broadcasting Corporation is the Palestinian Authority’s state broadcaster. Through October 2023 the opening said the Israeli government had singled out PBC for broadcasting material deemed to be anti-Semitic or that incited violence. Today the opening carries none of that finding, though the word survives once in the body. A reader today learns when PBC was established and what it broadcasts, and not that the Israeli government found its content antisemitic.

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Palestinian domestic weapons production

The article covers Palestinian groups that built their own rockets, anti-tank missiles and RPGs for use against Israel. Through October 2023 the opening called the groups building these weapons various militant Palestinian groups. Today the opening calls them insurgent Palestinian, or Palestinian resistance, groups, and the word militant survives once in the body. A reader today gets the groups’ preferred self-description, resistance, in place of Wikipedia’s earlier plainer term.

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Palestinian Popular Struggle Front

The Palestinian Popular Struggle Front holds a seat on the PLO’s executive council. Through 2010 the opening called it a militant Palestinian organization. Today the opening calls it a Palestinian political party, and the word militant survives twice in the body. A reader today learns PPSF as a party holding a PLO council seat, and not that Wikipedia once described it as a militant organization.

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Palestinian return to Israel

Between 1948 and 1956, thousands of Palestinians were killed by Israeli forces attempting to return across the border. Through 2005 the opening said war crimes and atrocities were committed by Israeli soldiers guarding the border, including one occasion when 120 captured infiltrators were dumped in the Arava desert without water, killing 30 by dehydration. Today the opening carries neither the war crimes finding nor the desert incident, and the word is nowhere in the article. A reader today learns the overall death toll of the period, and not the specific 1950s incident in which 30 captured Palestinians died of dehydration in the Arava desert.

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Palestinians in Israeli custody

The article covers Palestinians detained by Israel in the context of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. Through 2020 the opening said prisoners’ charges were commonly based on being members of illegal organizations, meaning formerly the PLO, and now Hamas or Islamic Jihad, or of taking part in sabotage against Israelis. Today the opening speaks generally of terrorism charges or membership in an illegal terrorist organization such as Hamas, without naming Islamic Jihad, and the word jihad survives eight times in the body. A reader today no longer learns that Wikipedia’s own opening once named Islamic Jihad specifically as one of the organizations whose membership Israel prosecutes.

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People Against Gangsterism and Drugs

People Against Gangsterism and Drugs is a South African vigilante group formed in 1996 in Cape Town. Through 2010 the opening said its armed cell, G-Force, was believed responsible for carrying out acts of terrorism. Today the opening describes only its arson and murder against gangsters, and the word terror survives six times in the body. A reader today does not learn that PAGAD’s G-Force was believed responsible for acts of terrorism.

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Peres–Hussein London Agreement

The 1987 London Agreement was a secret peace-talks framework negotiated by Shimon Peres and King Hussein. Through 2015 the opening said its requirement that parties accept UN Resolutions 242 and 338 and renounce violence and terrorism effectively excluded PLO participation. Today the opening states only who attended the secret meeting, and the word terror survives once in the body. A reader today does not learn that the agreement’s terms were written to exclude the PLO by requiring it renounce terrorism.

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Persecution of Kashmiri Shias

Kashmir’s Shia minority endured centuries of organized violence, and the article itself, then titled ‘Genocide of the Kashmiri Shias by the Sunni elite,’ named who carried it out. Through 2020 the opening described ‘the ten campaigns of terror against Shias of Kashmir in the years 1548, 1585, 1636, 1686, 1719, 1741, 1762, 1801, 1831 and 1872 CE, carried out by Sunni clergy and fanatics.’ Today the opening calls the same history ‘conflict and strife’ and ‘incidents of sectarian violence,’ and the word terror survives twice in the body but names no perpetrator. A reader today learns that sectarian violence occurred and not that it was once described as terror campaigns carried out by Sunni clergy and fanatics.

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Perth Hebrew Congregation

The Perth Hebrew Congregation is a synagogue serving Perth, Australia’s Jewish community since 1892. Through October 2023 the opening recorded that ‘In July 2004, the shule was heavily defaced with anti-Semitic vandalism.’ Today the opening says nothing about the 2004 attack, though the word antisemitism survives three times elsewhere in the article. A reader arriving at the opening today does not learn the synagogue was the target of an antisemitic vandalism attack.

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Peulot Meyuhadot

The Peulot Meyuhadot were secret Jewish paramilitary squads set up on David Ben-Gurion’s orders in 1939 to strike back during the Arab revolt in Palestine. Through October 2023 the opening said the squads were created for ‘retaliatory strikes against Arab terrorists and villages, attacks on British installations, and the elimination of Jewish informers and traitors.’ Today the word terrorists is gone from the article entirely, and the opening instead describes strikes against Arab ‘resistants.’ A reader today learns the squads targeted Arab resistants and not that Wikipedia’s own opening once called the same people terrorists.

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Philadelphi Corridor

The Philadelphi Corridor is the Israeli-controlled buffer strip along the Gaza-Egypt border, used to interdict weapons smuggling into Gaza. Through 2005 the opening explained that ‘Operation Rainbow was undertaken, in part, to destroy the smuggling tunnels and damage the terrorist infrastructure in the area.’ Today’s opening describes only the corridor’s geography and the 2005 disengagement agreement, with no mention of smuggling tunnels or terrorist infrastructure, though the word survives four times in the body. A reader today does not learn from the opening that the corridor’s purpose included fighting terrorist infrastructure supplied through smuggling tunnels.

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Pi Glilot bombing attempt

The Pi Glilot bombing attempt was a 2002 attack on a gas depot north of Tel Aviv that was foiled before it caused any injuries. Through October 2023 the opening identified the attacker: it ‘was an attempt by a Palestinian terrorist to cause a massive explosion in the Pi Glilot gas depot north of Tel Aviv.’ Today’s opening says only that it was ‘an attempted bombing’ that ‘failed, resulting in no injuries,’ naming no perpetrator at all, though the word survives four times in the body. A reader today does not learn who attempted the bombing, since the opening no longer names an actor.

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Pierre van Paassen

Pierre van Paassen was a journalist whose reporting on the 1929 Palestine violence directly contradicted the official statements of the Mufti of Jerusalem. Through 2010 the opening said that after ‘his reporting on the massacres contradicted both the Mufti’s statements and local British officials’ news releases, he became the target of several assassination attempts.’ Today’s opening ends before reaching this material, and the word survives once in the body. A reader today does not learn that van Paassen’s coverage of the massacres directly contradicted the Mufti’s own account.

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Pnei Kedem

Pnei Kedem is an Israeli outpost in the West Bank considered illegal even under Israeli law. The 2015 opening reported that settlers there ‘receive “counterterrorism training” from the organization Mishmeret Yesha in “how to quickly neutralize terrorist infiltrators.”’ Today’s opening says nothing about this training, though the word survives once in the body. A reader today does not learn that residents of the outpost describe themselves as trained against terrorist infiltrators.

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Pope Gregory I and Judaism

Pope Gregory I is credited with a papal ruling against forcing Jews to convert to Christianity. Through 2010 the opening noted that ‘Gregory’s case has been cited to demonstrate that not all early Christians were antisemitic.’ Today’s opening covers his tolerant policies but drops this framing sentence entirely, though the word survives once in the article. A reader today does not learn that historians specifically cite Gregory’s record to counter the idea that antisemitism was universal among early Christians.

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Promised Day Brigade

The Promised Day Brigade was an Iraqi Shia insurgent group and one of the largest Iranian-backed ‘Special Groups’ operating during the Iraq War. Through 2010 the opening identified it as ‘an Shi’a Islamist, Iraqi Insurgent group and one of Iraq’s largest and most powerful Special Groups.’ Today’s opening calls it simply ‘a Shiite organization and insurgent group,’ and the word survives twice in the body. A reader today learns it was a Shiite insurgent group and not that Wikipedia’s own opening once specifically classified it as Islamist.

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Proposed Bosniak republic

The proposed Bosniak republic was a partition plan floated during the Bosnian War. Through 2020 the opening said an independent ‘Muslim state’ option was ‘proposed by Islamists.’ Today’s opening attributes the same proposal to ‘some Bosniak leaders,’ and the word survives twice in the body. A reader today learns Bosniak leaders proposed the plan and not that the opening once specifically attributed it to Islamists.

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Qassam rocket

The Qassam rocket is a homemade artillery rocket made by Hamas’s military wing and fired at Israeli population centers. Through 2010 the opening said it ‘gained notoriety as the most well-known type of rocket deployed by Palestinian militants against Israeli civilian targets during the Second Intifada.’ Today’s opening never states who fires the rockets or that Israeli civilians are the target, describing them instead as ‘indiscriminate when used against targets in population centers,’ though the word survives three times in the body. A reader today does not learn from the opening that Palestinian militants deployed these rockets specifically against Israeli civilian targets.

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Qibla (group)

Qibla is a militant Islamist paramilitary group in South Africa labeled a terrorist organization by the U.S. State Department. Through 2015 the opening reported that ‘the Israeli government singled out Radio 786 for its use of “classical anti-Semitic themes,”’ and noted the station’s tribute to Hamas leader Ahmed Yassin as a ‘freedom fighter.’ Today the word appears nowhere in the article. A reader today does not learn that the Israeli government documented antisemitic content from a media outlet tied to the group.

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Quilliam (think tank)

Quilliam was a London think tank founded in 2008 by Maajid Nawaz to counter Islamist extremism, before going into liquidation in 2021. Through 2015 the opening described the think tank’s own position plainly: it focused on “counter-extremism”, specifically Islamism, “which it argues is the cause of Muslim terrorism.” Today’s opening drops that formulation entirely, describing Islamism instead as something the group argued “represents a desire to impose a given interpretation of Islam on society,” though the word terror still appears 26 times elsewhere in the article. A reader today learns that Quilliam saw Islamism as a project to impose religious rule on society, and not that Quilliam explicitly argued Islamism was the cause of Muslim terrorism.

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Rachel Corrie

Rachel Corrie was an American activist killed in Rafah, Gaza in 2003 when an Israeli military bulldozer crushed her during a protest against home demolitions. Through 2005 the opening framed her death as contested: “Her death sparked intense controversy, with various advocates blaming it on the IDF, the ISM, Palestinian terror, and on Corrie herself,” and separately noted that the circumstances of her death were disputed. Today’s opening carries neither the controversy nor the dispute; the word terror is gone from the opening though it survives 9 times in the body, and the text states flatly that she “was killed by an Israeli armored bulldozer that crushed her.” A reader today does not learn that the opening once described her death as a contested question with competing accounts, including one that blamed Palestinian terror groups.

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Rachid Ramda

Rachid Ramda is an Algerian man convicted by French courts of being the mastermind behind the 1995 bombing campaign against the Paris public transport system. Through 2020 the opening said he “has been convicted by the French justice system of being the mastermind behind the 1995 terror bombings in French public transportation systems.” Today’s opening calls it only “the 1995 bombings against French public transportation systems,” dropping terror from the opening, though the word survives 11 times elsewhere in the article. A reader today does not learn that the opening once specifically named these as terror bombings when describing his conviction as their mastermind.

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Rafael Ben-Ari

Rafael Ben-Ari is an Israeli photojournalist whose most prominent images documented Qassam rocket attacks on civilians in southern Israel during the 2008-2009 Gaza conflict. Through 2010 the opening said he “is known for his war and conflict photography, with his most prominent pictures from terror attacks from Palestinian Qassam rockets on civilians in southern Israel.” The word is gone from the article entirely today, and the opening instead describes his work only as documenting “the war and conflict in the Middle East between Israel and the Muslim Arab world.” A reader today does not learn that his most prominent photography specifically documented terror attacks by Qassam rockets on Israeli civilians.

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Raheel Raza

Raheel Raza is a Pakistani-Canadian journalist and activist, among the most prominent Muslim supporters of Israel. Through 2015 the opening said plainly, “She opposes Islamic terrorism and the oppression of Muslim women.” Today’s opening reads only “She opposes Islamic extremism,” terrorism gone from the opening though the word survives 6 times elsewhere in the article. A reader today does not learn that she specifically named her opposition as being to Islamic terrorism, or that the same sentence once also named her opposition to the oppression of Muslim women.

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Raid on Nakhla

The Raid on Nakhla was a 623 AD raid by companions of Muhammad against a Quraysh caravan, notable as the first raid in which Muslims killed and took captives. Through 2010 the opening recorded a scholarly debate about it: “Muslim scholars claim that the caravan raids were justified even if terror tactics were used, because Muslims were persecuted and driven out of Mecca.” The word is gone from the article entirely today; the opening now describes only the raid’s commanders, forces and casualties. A reader today does not learn that the opening once recorded a debate over whether the raid used terror tactics, even as it was defended as justified.

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Reconstruction (2001 film)

Reconstruction is a 2001 documentary about the 1959 Ioanid Gang bank heist in Communist Romania, whose Jewish members were later subjected to a state propaganda film built on their trial. Through 2010 the opening said, “The documentary gets its name from an antisemitic propaganda film that was made by the Romanian government three years after the robbery was committed.” Today’s opening calls it simply “a propaganda film,” antisemitic gone from the opening though the word survives 3 times elsewhere in the article. A reader today does not learn from the opening that the original Romanian government film was specifically an antisemitic propaganda piece.

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Reprisal operations

Israel’s reprisal operations of the 1950s were military actions launched in response to Arab fedayeen infiltration and attacks on Israeli civilians and soldiers. Through 2015 the opening said, “These actions were in response to constant fedayeen terror attacks, when militants would infiltrated from Syria, Egypt, and Jordan into Israel and conduct guerrilla attacks against Israeli civilians and soldiers.” The word is gone from the opening today; the infobox and text now describe only “fedayeen attacks,” though terror survives 5 times elsewhere in the article. A reader today does not learn that the opening once explicitly named the fedayeen infiltrations that provoked these operations as terror attacks on Israeli civilians and soldiers.

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Revolution Muslim

Revolution Muslim was a New York City organization, founded in 2007, that advocated a traditionalist Islamic state and endorsed al Qaeda’s actions. Through 2015 the opening called it a radical Islamist organization and movement, and said it had come under scrutiny for its anti-Western rhetoric and for endorsing the actions of al Qaeda and other terrorist groups. Today’s opening describes it only as an organization that “advocated the establishment of a traditionalist Islamic state,” with that description gone, though terror survives 19 times elsewhere in the article. A reader today does not learn that Wikipedia once flatly called Revolution Muslim a radical Islamist organization tied to endorsing terrorist groups.

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Revolutionary Islam

Revolutionary Islam is a book written by Ilich Ramirez Sanchez, known as Carlos the Jackal, under the direction of Jean-Michel Vernochet. In the 2010 opening, Wikipedia described it as a book authored by international terrorist Ilich Ramirez Sanchez. Today’s opening calls him a book written by international revolutionary Ilich Ramirez Sanchez, with terror surviving only once elsewhere in the article. A reader today learns that Carlos the Jackal is called a revolutionary, and not that Wikipedia once called him an international terrorist.

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RFK Must Die

RFK Must Die is a 2007 documentary exploring conspiracy theories around the 1968 assassination of Robert F. Kennedy by Sirhan Sirhan, whose notebook contained the words “R.F.K. must die.” Through 2010 the opening noted that revisionist historians have cast him as “the first Arab terrorist.” Today the phrase is gone entirely, with a word count of zero in the article. A reader today does not learn that historians have described Sirhan, RFK’s killer, as “the first Arab terrorist.”

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Robert Bitker

Robert (Boris) Bitker was a military commander of the Zionist paramilitary group Irgun. Through October 2023 the opening noted he was also involved in the case of Zvi Frenkel, an Irgun militant who had killed an Arab in an act of retaliation using a gun he held illegally. Today’s opening states only that Bitker “was a military commander of the Zionist paramilitary group Irgun,” with the Frenkel case gone, though militant survives once elsewhere in the article. A reader today does not learn that Bitker’s record included the case of an Irgun militant who killed an Arab in an act of retaliation.

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Roi Klein

Roi Klein was an Israeli Golani Brigade major who died in the 2006 Lebanon War after jumping on a grenade to save fellow soldiers. Through 2010 the opening noted that in 2002, Klein received a Chief of Staff Citation for his conduct during an ambush near Nablus in which 5 terrorists were killed. Today’s opening covers only his 2006 death, with the citation and ambush gone, though terror survives twice elsewhere in the article. A reader today does not learn that Klein was decorated for an ambush near Nablus in which five terrorists were killed.

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Ronny Naftaniel

Ronny Naftaniel directed the Center for Information and Documentation Israel (CIDI) in the Netherlands from 1980 to 2013. Through October 2023 the opening said under Naftaniel, CIDI has expanded its task to monitoring anti-Semitism in the Netherlands besides challenging criticism on Israel. Today’s opening states only his name, birth date, and tenure as CIDI’s director, with that sentence gone, though antisemitism survives once elsewhere in the article. A reader today does not learn that CIDI’s mission under Naftaniel included monitoring antisemitism in the Netherlands.

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Roonstrasse Synagogue

Roonstrasse Synagogue in Cologne is the only one of the city’s five pre-Nazi-era synagogues still standing. Through 2020 the opening read, in part, there, he condemned nazism and antisemitism. Today’s opening covers only the synagogue’s location and survival, with that sentence gone, though antisemitism survives three times elsewhere in the article. A reader today does not learn that a documented visit to the synagogue included a condemnation of Nazism and antisemitism.

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Sa’id ibn Jubayr

Sa’id ibn Jubayr was an early Islamic scholar and jurist from Kufa, regarded as one of the leading members of the Tabi’in. Through 2005 the opening said Sa’id was martyred in the month of Sha’ban, 95/714 at the age of 49. Today’s opening covers his scholarly standing but omits his death, with martyr gone from the opening though it survives twice elsewhere in the article. A reader today does not learn that Sa’id ibn Jubayr was martyred in 714 at the age of 49.

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Sa’sa’ massacre

During the 1948 Palestine war, Zionist forces carried out two massacres in the Palestinian village of Sa’sa’, killing roughly 60 people in February and more in October. Through October 2023 the opening carried the line there are also allegations of war crimes at this time. Today the phrase is gone entirely, with a word count of zero, while the article still states flatly that two massacres were perpetrated by Zionist forces. A reader today does not learn that the killings were also described, in Wikipedia’s own voice, as alleged war crimes.

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Saad Haddad

Saad Haddad founded and led the Israel-backed South Lebanon Army during the Lebanese Civil War. Through 2010 the opening noted that several sources have suggested Haddad’s involvement in the Sabra and Shatila massacres in 1982. Today’s opening covers his military role and Israeli backing but omits that suggestion, with massacre gone from the opening though it survives three times elsewhere in the article. A reader today does not learn that several sources suggested Haddad’s involvement in the Sabra and Shatila massacres.

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Sadiq Al-Ghariani

Al-Sadiq al-Ghariani has served as Grand Mufti of Libya since 2012 and is described today as having opposed Salafist militants seeking to impose an Islamic state. Through 2015 the opening reported that British media said he faces possible war crimes charges for urging followers to overthrow the Libyan government. Today’s opening covers his religious and academic credentials without that allegation, though war crime survives once elsewhere in the article. A reader today does not learn that British media reported he faced possible war crimes charges for urging the overthrow of Libya’s government.

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Safar al-Hawali

Safar al-Hawali is a Saudi scholar who led the Sahwah movement opposing US troops in Saudi Arabia and was later imprisoned for opposing the Saudi government. Through 2010 the opening said his name is sometimes associated with either Osama bin Laden and terrorism. Today’s opening covers his activism and 2018 detention without that association, though terror survives five times elsewhere in the article. A reader today does not learn that al-Hawali’s name has been associated with Osama bin Laden and terrorism.

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Sahwa movement

The Sahwa movement was active in Saudi Arabia from 1960 to 1980, built on Qutbism, the ideology developed by Muslim Brotherhood figurehead Sayyid Qutb. Through 2020 the opening called Qutbism an extremist jihadist Islamist ideology developed by Sayyid Qutb. Today’s opening describes Qutbism only as the basis for the movement’s reliance on Wahhabi principles, with “extremist jihadist Islamist ideology” gone, though jihad survives once elsewhere in the article. A reader today does not learn that Wikipedia once described Qutbism, the ideology behind the Sahwa movement, as an extremist jihadist ideology.

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Said al-Sabeh

Said al-Sabeh was a Palestinian politician who fought in the 1948 war. In the 2020 opening, Wikipedia said he fought in the 1948 war, and was the commander of Holy Jihad Brigade in the vicinity of Qalqilya during the British colonization. Today’s opening states only his name, dates, and that he was a Palestinian politician, with his command of the Holy Jihad Brigade gone, though jihad survives once elsewhere in the article. A reader today does not learn that al-Sabeh commanded the Holy Jihad Brigade near Qalqilya during the 1948 war.

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Sami Abu Zuhri

Sami Abu Zuhri, a senior Hamas spokesman, was quoted after Israel killed the two men suspected of kidnapping and murdering three Israeli teenagers in 2014. Through October 2023 the opening carried his statement that “Hamas praises the role the martyrs played in chasing down Israeli settlers.” Today the opening has been reduced to a single sentence identifying him as a Hamas spokesman; the word survives once in the body. A reader today does not learn that Hamas’s spokesman publicly praised the killers of the three Israeli teenagers as martyrs.

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Saudi High Commission for Relief of Bosnia and Herzegovina

The Saudi High Commission for Relief of Bosnia and Herzegovina was a Saudi-funded charity shut down in 2001 after its Sarajevo office was raided by NATO forces investigating links to the September 11 attacks. Through 2020 the opening carried the raid finding of “anti-Semitic and anti-American material geared toward children,” alongside the crop-duster photographs and forged State Department materials. Today the word is gone from the article entirely, though the other raid findings remain. A reader today learns what NATO found relating to the September 11 hijackers and not that investigators also found antisemitic propaganda material aimed at children.

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Schmaltz

Schmaltz, rendered chicken fat, is a staple of Ashkenazi Jewish cuisine whose place in American Jewish cooking traces to the immigration wave from Eastern Europe. Through 2020 the opening explained that “the Ashkenazi Jews fled escalating antisemitism and persecution in Eastern Europe and sought refuge in the United States.” Today the opening carries neither the word nor the migration story; it survives once in the body. A reader today learns that schmaltz is a traditional Ashkenazi cooking fat and not that its American prominence traces to Jews fleeing antisemitic persecution.

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Seam Zone

The Seam Zone is the strip of West Bank land between Israel’s separation barrier and the 1949 armistice line, home to over 57,000 Palestinians and a number of Israeli settlements. Through 2010 the opening explained the barrier plan was drafted “with the intent of reducing the ability of terrorists to infiltrate Israel from areas administered by the Palestinian Authority.” Today the opening carries neither the word nor the stated rationale, though it survives once in the body. A reader today learns the zone’s population and settlement counts and not that the barrier’s stated purpose was blocking terrorist infiltration during the wave of suicide bombings after September 2000.

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Seku Amadu

Seku Amadu was the Fulbe scholar who founded the Massina Empire in the Inner Niger Delta in 1818. Through 2010 the opening described how, “Inspired by the recent uprising of Usman dan Fodio… Seku Amadu led his followers in a jihad against the then-dominant Bambara Empire in 1818.” Today the opening says only that he “ruled as Almami from 1818,” carrying neither the word nor the campaign, though jihad appears twelve times elsewhere in the article. A reader today does not learn that Amadu founded his empire by waging jihad against the Bambara Empire.

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Shamai Davidson

Shamai Davidson was an Israeli psychiatrist who spent thirty years working with Holocaust survivors. Through October 2023 the opening stated that “Davidson witnessed the Nazi terror and the death of his aunts and cousins in the ghettos of Warsaw, Lodz, and the gas chambers of Treblinka.” Today the word and the fact are gone from the article entirely. A reader today learns that Davidson studied Holocaust survivors professionally and not that he personally witnessed Nazi terror and lost family members in the Holocaust.

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Shamgar Commission

The Shamgar Commission was Israel’s official inquiry into the 1995 assassination of Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin. Through 2010 the opening reported that the commission’s findings “revealed that Shin Bet used a high profile right wing militant as one of their agents.” Today the opening carries neither the word nor the finding, though it survives once in the body. A reader today learns who chaired the commission and not that its inquiry exposed Shin Bet’s use of a right-wing militant informant.

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Shamima Begum

Shamima Begum was the British teenager who left London at fifteen to join the Islamic State in Syria in 2015. Through October 2023 the opening described her as entering Syria “to join the terror group Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL).” Today the opening calls it only “the Islamic State,” without the terror label, though the word appears thirteen times in the body. A reader of the opening today does not learn that the organization Begum joined is treated as a terror group.

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Shatila refugee camp

Shatila is a Palestinian refugee camp in Beirut, set up in 1949 and now home to thousands of Palestinian and Syrian refugees. Through 2010 the opening said the camp “is most widely known as the site of the Sabra and Shatila massacre in September 1982.” Today the opening carries no mention of the massacre at all, though massacre survives 4 times elsewhere in the article. A reader today learns the camp’s population and refugee statistics, and not the event the camp is most known for.

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Shaw Commission

The Shaw Commission investigated the August 1929 Palestine riots, including the violence against the Jewish community in Hebron. The 2010 opening said, “A general massacre of the Jewish community at Hebron was narrowly averted,” following a line about the destruction of Jewish property. Today the opening carries no mention of a massacre; it says only that the Commission “concluded that the conflict was not religious in nature.” A reader today does not learn that a mass killing of the Jewish community at Hebron was described, in Wikipedia’s own voice, as narrowly averted.

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Sheigetz

Sheigetz is a Yiddish term for a non-Jewish boy or man. Through 2010 the opening explained, “In former times, it was common practice for Jews in Eastern Europe who were harassed by anti-Semitic youths to label their tormentors shkotzim.” Today the opening makes no mention of antisemitism, and the word appears nowhere in the article. A reader today does not learn that the term’s origin is tied to Jews naming the youths who harassed them antisemitically.

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Shmuel HaNavi bus bombing

A 2003 Palestinian suicide bombing of a crowded Jerusalem bus that killed dozens, many of them children, and was claimed by Hamas. The 2005 opening named it “The Jerusalem bus 2 massacre,” a suicide bombing that “killed 23 people and wounded over 130.” Today the opening drops that name entirely and calls it a Palestinian suicide bombing that killed 24; the word massacre appears nowhere in the article now. A reader today learns the death toll and that Hamas claimed responsibility, and not that Wikipedia once named the attack a massacre.

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Southern Thailand insurgency

Southern Thailand has faced an ongoing Malay separatist insurgency since 2004, waged by armed groups including Jemaah Islamiyah. Through 2010 the opening called it an Islamist separatist insurgency. Today the opening calls it a Malay/Islamic separatist conflict, though islamist survives seven times in the body. A reader arriving now learns the conflict is ethnic and religious in a general sense, not that Wikipedia’s own opening once named it Islamist outright.

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Srulik

Srulik is the cartoon figure created in 1956 to personify the state of Israel. Through 2015 the opening said scholars viewed him as the antithesis of the antisemitic caricatures which appeared in Der Stürmer and other European and Arab journals. Today the opening makes no mention of this comparison, though antisemitism survives twice in the body. A reader arriving now learns Srulik is a national cartoon symbol and not that he was created and read as a direct answer to Nazi-era antisemitic caricature.

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Stephen Pollard

Stephen Pollard is the British journalist who edited The Jewish Chronicle from 2008 to 2021. Through 2010 the opening said he was a former Chairman of The European Institute for the Study of Contemporary Antisemitism. Today the opening covers only his authorship and his editorship of the Jewish Chronicle, though antisemitism survives once in the body. A reader arriving now does not learn that he once chaired an institute devoted to studying antisemitism.

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Stone pelting in Kashmir

Stone pelting is a protest tactic used by Kashmiris against Indian security forces. As of October 2023 the opening said the practice was carried out to support the extremists group or terrorists. Today the opening says it is carried out to support the separatist insurgents, though terror survives ten times in the body. A reader arriving now learns the stone throwers are described as supporting separatist insurgents and not that the article’s own opening once called them terrorists.

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Strasbourg Cathedral bombing plot

The Strasbourg Cathedral bombing plot was an al-Qaeda plan to bomb the Strasbourg Christmas market in 2000, foiled by French and German police. Through 2015 the opening said that in December 2004, ten others suspected Islamic militants were jailed in Paris for their part in the failed plot. Today the opening says fourteen people were convicted, without describing them as Islamic militants, though militant survives twice in the body. A reader arriving now learns fourteen people were convicted and not that Wikipedia once described the ten convicted in Paris as Islamic militants.

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Students’ Islamic Movement of India

SIMI is the Indian organisation banned by the government in 2001 as a terrorist organisation. In 2005 the opening said in Wikipedia’s own voice that SIMI was a militant Islamist organisation in India, aiming to establish an Islamic state in that country. Today the opening says only that the Indian government describes it as a terrorist organisation, without stating that aim, though militant survives twice in the body. A reader arriving now learns the government’s designation and not that the article once stated as fact that SIMI’s own goal was to establish an Islamic state.

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Sulaiman Abu Ghaith

Sulaiman Abu Ghaith is the Kuwaiti al-Qaeda spokesman and Osama bin Laden’s son-in-law, convicted in 2014 of conspiring to kill Americans. In 2005 the opening called him a Kuwaiti Islamist militant regarded as Al-Qaida’s official spokesman. Today the opening calls him only a Kuwaiti regarded as one of al-Qaeda’s spokesmen, though militant survives twice in the body. A reader arriving now learns his role as spokesman and not that Wikipedia’s own opening once called him a militant.

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Sunehri Masjid (Chandni Chowk)

The Sunehri Masjid is an 18th-century mosque in Old Delhi from which the Persian invader Nadir Shah watched a 1739 massacre. Through 2015 the opening said Nadir Shah spent hours on the mosque roof to observe the Katl-e-Aam, which resulted in the massacre of 30,000 inhabitants. Today the opening makes no mention of Nadir Shah or the massacre, and the word appears nowhere in the article. A reader arriving now learns only the mosque’s architecture and history, not that 30,000 people were massacred in events connected to it.

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Sunshine (1999 film)

Sunshine is the 1999 film following five generations of a Hungarian Jewish family through the 20th century. Through 2015 the opening said one of Ralph Fiennes’s roles alluded to other famous Hungarians of Jewish origin who suffered from anti-Semitism and the persecution of Jews in WWII Hungary. Today the opening makes no mention of antisemitism or wartime persecution, and the word appears nowhere in the article. A reader arriving now learns the family’s story spans the 20th century and not that the film explicitly portrays real Hungarian Jews who suffered antisemitic persecution.

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Super Best Friends

Super Best Friends is a 2001 South Park episode later pulled from streaming. Through 2023 the opening said this happened following Islamist death threats over the episode “201,” as South Park Studios stopped streaming it in April 2010. Today the opening makes no mention of Islamist death threats or the removal, and the word appears nowhere in the article. A reader arriving now learns the episode’s plot and not why it was pulled from streaming.

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Svengali

Svengali is the sinister Jewish villain of George du Maurier’s 1894 novel Trilby. Through 2015 the opening said scholars call Svengali a classic example of anti-Semitism in literature because he is Jewish and exploits Trilby. Today the opening states only that Svengali is a Jewish man who seduces, dominates and exploits Trilby, without the scholarly finding, though antisemitism survives three times in the body. A reader arriving now learns Svengali is a Jewish villain and not that scholars identify him as a classic antisemitic stereotype.

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Syeikh Abdullah Fahim

Syeikh Abdullah Fahim was a Malaysian Islamic scholar and the grandfather of a Malaysian prime minister. Through 2023 the opening said he was one of the key people who started Hisbul Muslimin, which became Parti Islam Se-Malaysia or PAS, one of the main opposition parties in Malaysia which fights for an Islamist agenda. Today the opening makes no mention of Hisbul Muslimin, PAS, or an Islamist agenda, and the word appears nowhere in the article. A reader arriving now learns he determined Malaysia’s independence date and served as Mufti of Penang, not that he helped found the movement that became Malaysia’s Islamist opposition party.

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Sylvia Raphael

Sylvia Raphael was the South African-born Israeli Mossad agent convicted of murder in Norway’s 1973 Lillehammer affair. Through 2015 the opening said that when Israel decided to track down the Munich terrorists she provided valuable intelligence which led to the killing of three, before being assigned to an Operation Wrath of God team herself. Today the opening makes no mention of the Munich terrorists or Operation Wrath of God, and the word appears nowhere in the article. A reader arriving now learns of her conviction in the Lillehammer affair and not that she was part of Israel’s operation hunting the perpetrators of the Munich massacre.

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Symbols of Islam

Symbols of Islam is Wikipedia’s article on emblems associated with the faith, including flags used by various movements. Through 2015 the opening described the Black Standard as used by various Islamist organizations since the late 1990s, consisting of a white-on-black shahada. Today the opening is a general definition of Islam with no mention of the Black Standard or Islamist organizations, though the word survives once in the body. A reader arriving now learns a general definition of Islam and not that the Black Standard flag has been used by Islamist organizations since the late 1990s.

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Talibanization

Talibanization describes non-Taliban groups adopting Taliban-style enforcement, including banning women’s employment and schooling, movies, television and music. From 2010 through 2020 the opening said some of that enforcement reminded some of Nazi Germany’s anti-Semitic policies. Today antisemitism does not appear anywhere in the article. A reader today does not learn that Wikipedia once compared the practice to Nazi Germany’s antisemitic policy enforcement.

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Tamar gas field

The Tamar gas field is an Israeli natural gas field in the Mediterranean Sea. Through 2010 the opening reported that “Lebanese Shi’a Islamist group Hizbullah claims that the Dalit and Tamar gas field belongs to Lebanon and warned Israel against extracting gas from them.” The word survives once elsewhere in the article, but the opening no longer mentions Hezbollah’s claim at all. A reader today does not learn that Hezbollah, an Islamist group, publicly claimed the field belonged to Lebanon and warned Israel against extracting from it.

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Targeted killing by Israel

Targeted killing is the tactic the government of Israel has used in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, the Iran-Israel proxy conflict and other conflicts. By 2010 the opening reported that “the Supreme Court of Israel ruled that targeted killing is a legitimate form of self-defense against terrorists, and outlined several conditions for its use.” That ruling is gone from the opening, though terror-related language survives 15 times elsewhere in the article. A reader today does not learn that Israel’s Supreme Court ruled targeted killing a legitimate act of self-defense against terrorists.

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Tel Aviv central bus station massacre

Twenty-three civilians were killed when two Palestinian suicide bombers blew themselves up at the Tel Aviv Central Bus Station in January 2003. Through 2020 the opening reported that “the Palestinian militant organization Al-Aqsa Martyrs Brigades claimed responsibility for the attack.” The word is nowhere in the article today, and the sentence naming who claimed responsibility is gone entirely. A reader today does not learn which organization claimed responsibility for the bombing that killed 23 people.

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Temple Mount Faithful

The Temple Mount Faithful is an extremist Orthodox Jewish movement based in Jerusalem seeking to rebuild the Third Temple. The opening once reported that “On October 8, 1990, 22 Palestinians were killed and over 100 others injured by Israeli Border Police in the Al Aqsa Massacre during riots that were triggered by an announcement by the Temple Mount Faithful.” The word is nowhere in the article today, and the passage describing the 1990 killings is gone. A reader today does not learn that 22 Palestinians were killed by Israeli Border Police in riots triggered by a Temple Mount Faithful announcement.

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Temporary International Presence in Hebron

TIPH was a civilian observer mission in Hebron established in 1994 with the agreement of both the Israeli government and the Palestinian Authority. The opening once explained TIPH was created “after the 1994 Hebron massacre in which 29 Palestinians were killed by an Israeli settler,” which prompted the UN Security Council to call for it. That explanation is gone from the opening, though the word survives twice elsewhere in the article. A reader today does not learn that TIPH’s mission traces to the 1994 Hebron massacre, in which an Israeli settler killed 29 Palestinians.

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The Awareness Center

The Awareness Center was a nonprofit whose stated mission was ending sexual violence in the Jewish community, known for publicly naming accused clergy. The opening once noted that “Video from this interview has been used by anti-Semitic groups to perpetuate the myth that Judaism countenances such practices.” That sentence is gone from the opening, though the word survives twice elsewhere in the article. A reader today does not learn that the center’s material was cited by antisemitic groups to spread a myth about Judaism.

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The Goa Inquisition

The Goa Inquisition is a 1961 history book on the Portuguese Inquisition’s persecution campaign in colonial Goa, India. The opening once described the book as detailing “the wholesale massacres of Hindus, Muslims, Indian Jews and non-Catholic Indian Christians by the Portuguese inquisitors.” That description is gone from the opening, though massacre survives once elsewhere in the article. A reader today does not learn that the book documents the Portuguese Inquisition’s massacres of Indian Jews alongside Hindus, Muslims and other Christians.

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The Green Hand Gang

The Green Hand Gang was an anti-Zionist armed group active in the Safed and Acre districts of Mandate Palestine from 1929. The opening once said the group formed “following a number of attacks on Jewish communities during the 1929 Palestine riots and the Safed massacre of August 1929.” The word is gone from the article today, and the opening now reads only “attacks on Jewish communities during the 1929 Palestine riots of August 1929.” A reader today does not learn that the specific event named was the Safed massacre, in which Jews were killed in the city of Safed in August 1929.

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The Legacy of Islamic Antisemitism

The Legacy of Islamic Antisemitism is a 2008 book by Andrew Bostom documenting antisemitism’s history within Islam. The opening once carried an author’s note acknowledging “the references to the Aden and Moroccan massacres and the medieval pogroms” the book covers. That detail is gone from the opening, though massacre survives once elsewhere in the article. A reader today does not learn that the book specifically documents the Aden and Moroccan massacres of Jews alongside medieval pogroms.

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The New Jackals

The New Jackals is a 1998 book by Simon Reeve on Ramzi Yousef, Osama bin Laden and the “militant network” Al-Qaeda. The opening once said the book “warned that the network would launch devastating terrorist attacks,” and noted its relevance “following the September 11, 2001 attacks.” Both passages are gone; the opening is now a single sentence, and militant survives once elsewhere in the article. A reader today does not learn that the book warned of Al-Qaeda’s coming terrorist attacks before September 11, 2001, or that it was read in light of those attacks afterward.

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Timeline of al-Shabaab-related events

This is the introductory line for a timeline of events tied to al-Shabaab, the Somali militant group. On October 6, 2023, the opening described the timeline as covering “the Somali jihadist group al-Shabaab.” Today the opening instead calls al-Shabaab “militants,” and the word “jihad” occurs nowhere in the article. A reader today learns that al-Shabaab is a militant group, not that Wikipedia’s own opening once called it a jihadist group.

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Timur

Timur is the Turco-Mongol conqueror who founded the Timurid Empire. On October 6, 2023, the opening stated that his “wars, undertaken in the name of the Jihad, paradoxically resulted in the ruin or weakening of the greatest powers of Islam.” Today the word jihad occurs nowhere in the article. A reader today does not learn that Wikipedia’s own opening once described Timur’s wars as waged in the name of jihad.

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Tomorrow’s Pioneers

Tomorrow’s Pioneers was a children’s television show broadcast by Hamas-affiliated Al-Aqsa TV. A 2010 citation in the opening referred to it as a “Hamas kids TV show with militant mouse.” Today the word militant survives twice elsewhere in the article but not in the opening. A reader today does not learn that the opening once stated the show contains Hamas-inspired antisemitism, Islamic extremism, and the teachings of “Resistance Jihad,” with children described as “martyred” in its storylines.

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Trade Unions Linking Israel and Palestine

TULIP was a trade union organization promoting cooperation between Israeli and Palestinian unions and opposing boycotts of Israel. The 2010 opening stated that opposition to Israel sometimes “spills over into anti-Semitism.” Today the word antisemitism occurs nowhere in the article. A reader today does not learn that TULIP’s own stated reasoning for opposing boycotts of Israel was that such campaigns sometimes turn into antisemitism.

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Tu B’Av

Tu B’Av is a minor Jewish holiday whose history is tied to the Roman-era killing of Jews at Betar. The 2005 opening stated that “the Roman occupiers permitted burial of the victims of the Massacre of Bethar.” The word survives once in the body, but the opening today makes no mention of it. A reader today does not learn that part of the holiday’s history is tied to Rome permitting burial of the Jews massacred at Betar.

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TWA Flight 840 (1969)

TWA Flight 840 was a 1969 hijacking of a Rome-to-Tel Aviv flight. A 2015 citation in the article was titled “The political economy of terrorism.” The word terror survives six times in the article today, but the opening no longer says who carried out the hijacking. A reader today does not learn that the opening once named the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine as the hijackers, stated the operation succeeded even though Yitzhak Rabin was not aboard, described the hijackers’ demand to land in Damascus, or noted that the last two hostages released, in December, were the Israeli passengers.

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Tzrifin bus stop attack

The Tzrifin attack was a 2003 Hamas suicide bombing at an Israeli military base that killed nine IDF soldiers. The 2015 opening described the bomber as “a member of the Palestinian militant Islamist organization Hamas.” Today the word militant occurs nowhere in the article, and the opening instead calls the attacker “a terrorist sent by the Hamas.” A reader today does not learn how Wikipedia’s own opening once characterized Hamas itself, the organization behind the attack, as a militant Islamist organization.

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Tzrifin Underground

The Tzrifin Underground, also called the Kingdom of Israel, was a Jewish group in 1950s Israel that bombed Soviet and Czechoslovak diplomatic missions and tried to assassinate West German Chancellor Konrad Adenauer with letter bombs. The 2015 opening called it “a Jewish terrorist group active in Israel in the 1950s.” Today the opening calls it “an underground Jewish militant group”; terror survives six times in the body. A reader today learns what the group did but not that Wikipedia’s own opening once called it a terrorist group outright.

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Umariya Elementary School

The Umariya Elementary School is a madrassa in Jerusalem’s Old City. The 2010 opening stated that “former students at the school include Abu Nidal, the founder of a militant Fatah breakaway organization.” Today the word militant occurs nowhere in the article, and the opening no longer mentions Abu Nidal at all. A reader today does not learn that the school’s most notorious alumnus founded a militant Fatah breakaway organization.

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Union des étudiants juifs de France

The Union des étudiants juifs de France is a French Jewish student organization best known publicly for suing people and organizations it says support antisemitism, including the LICRA case. Through October 6, 2023, the opening paragraph described the group as bringing lawsuits against those it deems to support antisemitism. Today the opening carries neither that description nor the word, though antisemitism survives 3 times in the body. A reader today learns only that the organization assists French Jewish students, not that its defining public activity is suing people it accuses of antisemitism.

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Unit 101

Unit 101 was the Israeli commando unit, founded and commanded by Ariel Sharon, that carried out the 1953 raid on the village of Qibya in which dozens of unarmed residents were killed. The 2010 opening paragraph named that raid the Qibya massacre. Today the opening describes the unit’s work only as retribution operations, and massacre appears nowhere in it, though the word survives 4 times in the body. A reader today learns the unit conducted retribution operations across the border, not that the raid it is remembered for is called a massacre.

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Vercelli Synagogue

The Vercelli Synagogue in Italy was vandalized in 2013, when swastikas were sprayed on its walls. As of the October 6, 2023 snapshot, the opening paragraph described this as an antisemitic act. Today the opening carries the word nowhere, though antisemitism survives twice in the body. A reader today learns the synagogue’s design and architect, not that it was targeted in an antisemitic vandalism attack.

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Viatcheslav Kantor

Viatcheslav Kantor is a Russian, British and Israeli businessman who serves as President of the European Jewish Congress and has been described as an oligarch under sanctions tied to Russia’s invasion of Ukraine. The 2020 opening paragraph said he is engaged in the fight against racism, antisemitism, xenophobia, neo-Nazism and intolerance. Today the opening carries the word nowhere, though antisemitism survives 6 times in the body, and instead foregrounds his sanctions history. A reader today learns about his oligarch status and sanctions listing, not that he described his own public role as combating antisemitism.

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Vilna Gaon Museum of Jewish History

The Vilna Gaon Museum of Jewish History in Vilnius includes the Paneriai Memorial, dedicated to the mass killing of Jews near the city during the Holocaust. Through 2015, the opening paragraph said the memorial is dedicated to the Paneriai Massacre. Today the opening is a single sentence, and massacre appears nowhere in it, though the word survives twice in the body. A reader today learns only that the museum covers Lithuanian Jewish heritage, not that one of its sites commemorates a massacre of Jews.

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Voyage of the Damned

Voyage of the Damned is a 1976 film about the 1939 voyage of the MS St. Louis, carrying Jewish refugees from Germany to Cuba. The 2005 opening paragraph explained that the Jews aboard had suffered the rise of antisemitism and saw the voyage as their last chance to escape. Today the opening covers only the film’s cast and production, and antisemitism appears nowhere in it, though the word survives once in the body. A reader today learns who directed and starred in the film, not why its Jewish passengers were fleeing Germany.

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Walter Bingham (journalist)

Walter Bingham is a German-born British-Israeli journalist and Holocaust survivor, described as Israel’s oldest working journalist. As of the October 6, 2023 snapshot, the opening paragraph said he personally experienced antisemitic bullying after witnessing the Nazi book burnings. Today the opening carries the word nowhere, though antisemitism survives once in the body. A reader today learns his age and profession, not that he personally experienced antisemitic bullying as a child under the Nazis.

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Wandering Jew

The Wandering Jew is a Christian folklore figure cursed to wander the earth for taunting Jesus, a legend scholars have linked to antisemitic blame narratives about the Crucifixion. The 2005 opening paragraph stated the anti-Semitic subtext of the legend, that the destruction of Jerusalem was framed as retribution for Jewish responsibility for the Crucifixion. Today the opening carries the word nowhere, though antisemitism survives 5 times in the body. A reader today learns the legend’s plot, not that it carries a documented antisemitic subtext.

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Westlawn Cemetery

Westlawn Cemetery is a Jewish cemetery near Chicago, Illinois. The 2010 opening paragraph said at least 57 tombstones there were defaced with anti-Semitic slogans. Today the opening carries the word nowhere, though antisemitism survives once in the body. A reader today learns the cemetery’s size and location, not that dozens of its tombstones were defaced with antisemitic slogans.

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Wilhelm Steinitz

Wilhelm Steinitz, later William Steinitz, was the first World Chess Champion, a Bohemian-Austrian Jew. The 2020 opening paragraph said he was the target of anti-Semitic abuse and moved to the United States in 1883 to escape it. Today the opening covers only his chess record, and antisemitism appears nowhere in it, though the word survives once in the body. A reader today learns his championship dates, not why he emigrated to America.

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William Rosenwald

William Rosenwald was an American businessman and philanthropist who helped establish the United Jewish Appeal in 1939. Through 2015, the opening paragraph quoted his own 1935 statement that the goal was to fortify Jews of all countries against anti-Semitic onslaughts. Today the opening carries the word nowhere, though antisemitism survives once in the body. A reader today learns that he founded the United Jewish Appeal, not that he described its purpose in his own words as defending Jews against antisemitism.

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Willy Lindwer

Willy Lindwer is a Dutch documentary filmmaker known for films on the Holocaust, Israel and Jewish history. The 2010 opening paragraph said his parents fled anti-Semitic Poland and Ukraine in the 1930s and settled in Amsterdam. Today the opening carries the word nowhere, though antisemitism survives once in the body. A reader today learns what films he made, not that his own family history was one of fleeing antisemitic persecution.

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Women and bicycling in Islam

This article covers the debate over women’s bicycling in Muslim societies, including Turkey. Through 2020, the opening paragraph said secular academics worried that Turkey’s Islamist government was putting Islam ahead of science. Today the opening carries the word nowhere, though it survives once in the body. A reader today learns the general religious debate over cycling, not that Turkey’s government was described as Islamist in that debate.

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World Conference against Racism 2001

The 2001 World Conference against Racism in Durban is remembered for the walkout of the United States and Israeli delegations. The 2010 opening paragraph said the delegations called the conference itself a pretext for the airing of virulent anti-semitism. Today the opening attributes the walkout only to objections to a single draft document equating Zionism with racism, and antisemitism appears nowhere in it, though the word survives 10 times in the body. A reader today learns the delegations objected to one document, not that they described the conference itself as a venue for antisemitism.

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Würzburg train attack

A 17-year-old Afghan refugee stabbed five people on a train near Würzburg in 2016 and was shot dead after attacking police with an axe. Through 2020 the opening quoted investigators directly: “The state office of criminal investigations called it a terrorist attack with an Islamist religious motive.” Today the opening keeps that he was in contact with Islamic State members but drops investigators’ own characterization; the word survives once in the article body, not the opening. A reader today does not learn that German criminal investigators themselves labeled the attack’s motive Islamist.

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Yad Natan

Yad Natan is an Israeli moshav named for Ottó Komoly, a Zionist leader in Hungary. Through 2015 the opening said he “was murdered in 1945, apparently for anti-Semitic reasons.” Today the word antisemitism is nowhere in the article; the opening gives only the moshav’s location and population. A reader today does not learn that the man the settlement is named for was murdered for antisemitic reasons.

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Yahyah Michot

Yahya Michot was a Belgian Muslim academic and professor of Islamic studies. In 2010 the opening said that, writing under a pseudonym, his pamphlet’s “explicit reference to the Algerian massacre led to his removal from a professorship” at the Université catholique de Louvain. Today the word massacre is nowhere in the article; the opening lists only his academic posts and death. A reader today does not learn that Michot was once removed from a professorship over a pseudonymous pamphlet referencing the Algerian massacre.

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Yair Naveh

Yair Naveh is a former IDF Deputy Chief of the General Staff and Central Command chief. Through 2020 the opening said: “In 2008 Naveh’s name was tied in with the alleged instructions to assassinate commanders in Palestinian terrorist organizations contrary to a court order.” Today the word terror is nowhere in the article; the opening covers only his career and postings. A reader today does not learn that Naveh was once linked to allegations of ordering assassinations in violation of a court order.

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Yashlatz

Yashlatz is a religious Zionist yeshiva high school in Jerusalem. Through 2015 the opening said the nearby library of Merkaz Harav “was subject to an Arab terrorist attack, and 5 of its students were murdered.” Today the opening describes only the school’s founding and community; the word survives twice elsewhere in the article, not the opening. A reader today does not learn that the 2008 attack on the adjacent Mercaz HaRav library, which killed five students, was described in the article as an Arab terrorist attack.

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Yazid I

Yazid I was the second Umayyad caliph, whose reign included the killing of Muhammad’s grandson Husayn ibn Ali at Karbala. In 2010 the opening said: “His period witnessed the massacre of Kerbala, losses in North Africa, and a loss of supremacy at sea.” Today the opening calls it “the death of Muhammad’s grandson Husayn ibn Ali”; the word massacre survives once elsewhere in the article, not the opening. A reader today does not learn that the article once called the killing at Karbala a massacre rather than simply a death.

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Yehuda Henkin

Yehuda Henkin was an Israeli religious Zionist rabbi. In 2020 the opening said: “His son, Rabbi Eitam Henkin, and his daughter-in-law were murdered by Palestinian terrorists on 1 October 2015.” Today the opening covers only his rabbinic writing and title; the word survives once elsewhere in the article, not the opening. A reader today does not learn that Henkin’s son and daughter-in-law were murdered by Palestinian terrorists.

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Yehuda Lapidot

Yehuda Lapidot was an Israeli historian and Irgun veteran. Through October 2023 the opening described his role “in a joint Irgun-Lehi attack on the Arab village of Deir Yassin… what would later become known as the Deir Yassin massacre.” Today the opening is a single sentence identifying him as a historian and Irgun veteran; the word survives once elsewhere in the article, not the opening. A reader today does not learn that Lapidot took part in the attack known as the Deir Yassin massacre.

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Yellow badge

The yellow badge was an accessory Jews were required to wear in various societies, most recently under Nazi rule. In 2010 the opening said: “It is intended to be a badge of shame associated with antisemitism. In both Christian and Islamic countries…” Today the opening says the badge would “mark them as an outsider,” without the word antisemitism; the word survives 11 times elsewhere in the article, not the opening. A reader today does not learn from the opening that the badge is explicitly named as a tool of antisemitism used in both Christian and Islamic societies.

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Yemenite Jews

Yemenite Jews are the Jewish diaspora community native to Yemen. In 2015 the opening said: “The few remaining Jews experience intense, and at times violent, anti-Semitism on a daily basis.” Today the opening covers historical persecution and emigration but not the situation of Jews still in Yemen; the word survives six times elsewhere in the article, not the opening. A reader today does not learn from the opening that the few Jews remaining in Yemen face intense, sometimes violent antisemitism daily.

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Yeshivat Beit Yisrael bombing

A Palestinian suicide bombing at a Jerusalem yeshiva during a bar mitzvah gathering in 2002 killed eleven Israeli civilians, including two infants and three children. Through 2020 the opening and the article’s own title called it “the Yeshivat Beit Yisrael massacre,” carried out by “the Palestinian Islamist militant organization al-Aqsa Martyrs’ Brigades.” Today the word massacre is nowhere in the article, the event is titled a bombing, and the perpetrating group is described only as a Palestinian militant organization, without Islamist. A reader today does not learn that Wikipedia once called this an eleven-victim massacre or that it once named the responsible group Islamist.

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Yishai Schlissel

Yishai Schlissel was twice convicted of stabbing attacks at the Jerusalem gay pride parade, killing 16-year-old Shira Banki in 2015. In 2020 the opening said flatly: “Yishai Schlissel… is an Israeli terrorist.” Today the opening calls him “a convicted Israeli murderer”; the word terror survives four times elsewhere in the article, not the opening. A reader today does not learn that the article once flatly called him a terrorist, only that he was convicted of murder.

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Yitzhak Shamir

Yitzhak Shamir led the Zionist underground before becoming Israel’s seventh prime minister. Through 2005 the opening stated plainly that he joined the Irgun, one of the underground Jewish terrorist organizations directed against British rule in Palestine. Today the opening calls the same movement a Zionist militant group and Shamir a revolutionary, the word terrorist itself no longer appears in the opening though it survives five times elsewhere in the article. A reader arriving now learns Shamir led a militant group and not that the opening once called that group a terrorist organization.

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Yosef Dayan

Yosef Dayan is a self-proclaimed monarchist who claims to be the senior heir to the Davidic line. Through 2020 the opening stated that he was known to have supported Baruch Goldstein’s terrorist actions in the Cave of the Patriarch’s massacre, the 1994 mass shooting of Palestinian worshippers by a fellow Meir Kahane disciple. Today the opening carries no mention of Goldstein or terrorism at all, and the word terrorist appears nowhere in the article. A reader arriving now learns nothing of Dayan’s documented support for Goldstein’s massacre of worshippers at prayer.

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Yosef Haim Brenner

Yosef Haim Brenner was a pioneer of modern Hebrew literature killed in the 1921 Jaffa riots. Through 2005 the opening named those riots in Israeli memory as me’ora’ot tarpa, the massacres of Hebrew calendar year 5681. Today the opening says only that he died during the 1921 Jaffa riots, and the word massacre appears nowhere in the article. A reader arriving now learns Brenner died in riots and not that Israeli memory calls the same events massacres.

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Yusuf Nazzal

Yusuf Nazzal was second-in-command of the Black September squad that seized the Israeli Olympic team at the 1972 Munich Games, killing two athletes in the initial takeover. Through 2020 the opening called the group he served the Palestinian terrorist group Black September. Today the opening calls him a Palestinian militant leader and the group only the Palestinian Black September Organisation, the word terrorist itself absent from the opening though it survives three times elsewhere in the article. A reader arriving now learns he led a militant group and not that the opening once named it a terrorist group.

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Ze’ev Friedman

Ze’ev Friedman was an Israeli weightlifter and member of the Israeli Olympic team killed in the 1972 Munich Olympics massacre. Through 2020 the opening stated he was murdered by terrorists in that massacre. Today the opening says only that he was killed in the 1972 Munich Olympics massacre, dropping the word terrorists, which survives three times elsewhere in the article. A reader arriving now learns he was killed and not, in this sentence, who Wikipedia’s own words once named as his murderers.

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Zew Wawa Morejno

Zew Wawa Morejno was the last rabbi of communist Poland. Through 2020 the opening stated he was prosecuted through the 1960s for protesting the destruction of Jewish cemeteries and the resurgence of political antisemitism that culminated in the 1968 mass expulsion of Polish Jews. Today the opening says only that he was the last rabbi of communist Poland who emigrated in 1973, and antisemitism survives once in the body but not the opening. A reader arriving now does not learn that his prominence traced to opposing a documented antisemitic campaign that expelled Polish Jews.

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